Mitral stenosis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.; Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.[3]

Etiology of Mitral Stenosis (MS)

Congenital Mitral Stenosis: This is a rare entity which includes the following:

• hypoplasia of mitral valve annulus which is considered part of the spectrum of hypoplastic left heart syndrome,
• mitral valve commissural fusion,
• double orifice mitral valve,
• thickened chordae tendinae, and
• Shone's syndrome which consists a set of four cardiac defects:

• parachute mitral valve,
• supra-valve mitral membrane (SVMM),
• sub-aortic stenosis,
• coarctation of the aorta,

Acquired Mitral Stenosis:

• Rheumatic heart disease: MS is synonymous with rheumatic fever which occurs as a complication of group A streptococcal infection in genetically susceptible individuals.

• Prosthetic mitral valve
• Mitral valve obstruction from left atrial myxoma
• Mitral annular calcification

References

Template:SIB

Causes of Mitral stenosis include:

• Almost all cases of mitral stenosis are due to disease in the heart secondary to rheumatic fever and the consequent rheumatic heart disease.
• Calcification of the mitral valve leaflets.
• There are primary causes of mitral stenosis that emanate from a cleft mitral valve.
• Bacterial endocarditis where the vegetations may favor increase risk of stenosis.
• Radiation treatment to the chest.
• Some medications may cause mitral stenosis.

Children may be born with mitral stenosis (congenital) or other birth defects involving the heart that cause mitral stenosis. Often, there are other heart defects present, along with the mitral stenosis. Mitral stenosis may run in families. Mitral stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in pregnancy.