Xanthoma: Difference between revisions
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===Xanthoma tendinosum=== | ===Xanthoma tendinosum=== | ||
''Xanthoma tendinosum'' (also known as "Tendinous xanthoma"<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=1415–16 |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>) is clinically characterized by [[papule]]s and nodules found in the tendons of the hands. | ''Xanthoma tendinosum'' (also known as "Tendinous xanthoma"<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author=Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages=1415–16 |isbn=1-4160-2999-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>) is clinically characterized by [[papule]]s and nodules found in the tendons of the hands. | ||
===Eruptive xanthoma=== | ===Eruptive xanthoma=== | ||
Revision as of 21:42, 13 September 2011
| Xanthoma | |
 | |
|---|---|
| Photograph of patient's hands showing multiple xanthoma tendinosum. Kumar et al. Cases Journal 2008 | |
| ICD-10 | E78.2 (ILDS E78.280), K13.4 |
| ICD-9 | 272.2 |
| DiseasesDB | 28524 |
| MeSH | D014973 |
For patient information click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
A xanthoma (or xanthomata or xanthomatosis) (from Greek xanthos, ξανθος, "yellow") is a deposition of yellowish cholesterol-rich material in tendons and other body parts in various disease states:
- Tendon xanthomas (associated with familial hypercholesterolemia, cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis and phytosterolemia]
- Palmar xanthomas
- Eruptive xanthomas
- Tubo-eruptive xanthoma
- Xanthoma tuberosum
Types
Xanthelasma
A xanthelasma is a sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids. Strictly, a xanthelasma is a distinct condition, only being called a xanthoma when becoming larger and nodular, assuming tumorous proportions.[1] Still, it is often classified simply as a subtype of xanthoma.[2]
Xanthoma tuberosum
Xanthoma tuberosum is characterized by xanthomas located over the joints.[3]:530
Xanthoma tendinosum
Xanthoma tendinosum (also known as "Tendinous xanthoma"[4]) is clinically characterized by papules and nodules found in the tendons of the hands.
Eruptive xanthoma
Eruptive xanthoma (ILDS E78.220) is clinically characterized by small, yellowish-orange to reddish-brown papules that appear all over the body.[3]:531
Xanthoma planum
Xanthoma planum (ILDS D76.370), also known as "Plane xanthoma", is clinically characterized by macules and plaques spread diffusely over large areas of the body.[3]:531
Palmar xanthoma
Palmar xanthoma is clinically characterized by yellowish plaques that involve the palms and flexural surfaces of the fingers.[3]:531 Plane xanthomas are characterised by yellowish to orange, flat macules or slightly elevated plaques, often with a central white area which may be localised or generalised. They often arise in the skin folds, especially the palmar creases. They occur in hyperlipoproteinaemia type III and type IIA, and in association with biliary cirrhosis. The presence of palmar xanthomata, like the presence of tendinous xanthomata, is indicative of hypercholesterolaemia.
Tuberoeruptive xanthoma
Tuberoeruptive xanthoma (ILDS E78.210) is clinically characterized by red papules and nodules that appear inflamed and tend to coalesce.[3]:532 Tuberous xanthomas are considered similar, and within the same disease spectrum as tuberoeruptive xanthomas.[4]
Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes of Xanthoma
In alphabetical order. [5] [6]
- Alagille syndrome
- Amyloidosis
- Biliary Cirrhosis
- Cholestanol storage disease
- Chronic bile duct disease
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Glycogenosis type 1a aka von Gierke disease aka Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency aka Glycogen storage disease type 1a
- Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Juvenile xanthogranuloma
- Myxedema
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Urticaria pigmentosa
References
- ↑ Shields, Carol; Shields, Jerry (2008). Eyelid, conjunctival, and orbital tumors: atlas and textbook. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7578-7.
- ↑ thefreedictionary.com > xanthelasma Citing: The American Heritage Medical Dictionary Copyright 2007, 2004 and Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAndrews - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. pp. 1415–16. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X