High triglyceride causes: Difference between revisions
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[[Hypertriglyceridemia]] can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs | [[Hypertriglyceridemia]] can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Genetics <ref name="pmid19355858">{{cite journal| author=Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP| title=Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. | journal=Curr Drug Targets | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 336-43 | pmid=19355858 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>=== | ===Primary hypertriglyceridemia=== | ||
====Type I hyperlipoproteinemia==== | ====Genetics <ref name="pmid19355858">{{cite journal| author=Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP| title=Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. | journal=Curr Drug Targets | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 336-43 | pmid=19355858 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>==== | ||
=====Type I hyperlipoproteinemia===== | |||
* [[Genetic]] deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme [[lipoprotein lipase]] (LPL) | * [[Genetic]] deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme [[lipoprotein lipase]] (LPL) | ||
* Deficiency of apo C-II, that acts as a cofactor of [[LPL]] | * Deficiency of apo C-II, that acts as a cofactor of [[LPL]] | ||
* Insulin deficiency or dysfunction in [[diabetes]] type 1 and 2 can also cause this disorder as LPL requires insulin for its full function. | * Insulin deficiency or dysfunction in [[diabetes]] type 1 and 2 can also cause this disorder as LPL requires insulin for its full function. | ||
====Familial combined hyperlipidemia==== | =====Familial combined hyperlipidemia===== | ||
* [[Autosomal dominant]] disorder | * [[Autosomal dominant]] disorder | ||
* Patients have either isolated [[triglyceride]] or LDL-c elevations or both. | * Patients have either isolated [[triglyceride]] or LDL-c elevations or both. | ||
* Family history of premature [[coronary artery disease]] in 1 or more first-degree relatives | * Family history of premature [[coronary artery disease]] in 1 or more first-degree relatives | ||
* Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels. | * Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels. | ||
====Familial hypertriglyceridemia==== | =====Familial hypertriglyceridemia===== | ||
* Autosomal dominant trait | * Autosomal dominant trait | ||
* These patients and their families have isolated triglyceride elevations | * These patients and their families have isolated triglyceride elevations | ||
* Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease. | * Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease. | ||
===Secondary hypertriglyceridemia=== | |||
===Metabolic <ref name="pmid19355858">{{cite journal| author=Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP| title=Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. | journal=Curr Drug Targets | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 336-43 | pmid=19355858 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>=== | ===Metabolic <ref name="pmid19355858">{{cite journal| author=Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK, Kostakou PM, Bilianou H, Mikhailidis DP| title=Primary and secondary hypertriglyceridaemia. | journal=Curr Drug Targets | year= 2009 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 336-43 | pmid=19355858 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>=== | ||
* [[Diabetes mellitus]] and [[insulin resistance]] | * [[Diabetes mellitus]] and [[insulin resistance]] | ||
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* [[Pregnancy]] | * [[Pregnancy]] | ||
* [[Acute pancreatitis]] | * [[Acute pancreatitis]] | ||
* [[Nonalcoholic fatty liver]] disorder | |||
* High-carbohydrate or [[high glycemic index]] | * High-carbohydrate or [[high glycemic index]] | ||
* [[Glycogen storage disease]] type 1 | * [[Glycogen storage disease]] type 1 | ||
* [[Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency]] or [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]] | * [[Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency]] or [[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]] | ||
* [[Paraproteinemia]]s (e.g., [[hypergammaglobulinemia]] in [[macroglobulinemia]], [[myeloma]], [[lymphoma]] and [[lymphocytic leukemias]]) | |||
* [[Autoimmune]] disorders (e.g., [[systemic lupus erythematosis]]) | |||
===Idiopathic (constitutional)=== | ===Idiopathic (constitutional)=== | ||
Revision as of 03:28, 3 October 2011
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Hypertriglyceridemia can occur due to various causes, including genetics, familial, metabolic and drugs
Causes
Primary hypertriglyceridemia
Genetics [1]
Type I hyperlipoproteinemia
- Genetic deficiency or dysfunction of enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
- Deficiency of apo C-II, that acts as a cofactor of LPL
- Insulin deficiency or dysfunction in diabetes type 1 and 2 can also cause this disorder as LPL requires insulin for its full function.
Familial combined hyperlipidemia
- Autosomal dominant disorder
- Patients have either isolated triglyceride or LDL-c elevations or both.
- Family history of premature coronary artery disease in 1 or more first-degree relatives
- Family history for elevated triglycerides with or without elevated LDL-c levels.
Familial hypertriglyceridemia
- Autosomal dominant trait
- These patients and their families have isolated triglyceride elevations
- Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease.
Secondary hypertriglyceridemia
Metabolic [1]
Drugs
- Diuretics (high dose thiazide or chlorthalidone)
- Beta-blockers (high doses)
- Estrogen replacement therapy
- Oral contraceptive pills (high estrogen )
- Tamoxifen
- Glucocorticoids
- Oral isotretinoin
- Antiretroviral therapy (protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
- Atypical antipsychotics
Miscellaneous
- Alcohol
- Pregnancy
- Acute pancreatitis
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disorder
- High-carbohydrate or high glycemic index
- Glycogen storage disease type 1
- Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency or Cholesteryl ester storage disease
- Paraproteinemias (e.g., hypergammaglobulinemia in macroglobulinemia, myeloma, lymphoma and lymphocytic leukemias)
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosis)