Congestive heart failure natural history: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Created page with "{{Congestive heart failure}} {{CMG}} == Overview== == References== {{Reflist|2}} Category: Cardiology {{WH}} {{WS}}" |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Congestive heart failure}} | {{Template:Congestive heart failure}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; Saleh El Dassouki, M.D [mailto:seldassouki@hotmail.com], Atif Mohammad, MD | |||
==Complications== | |||
'''1. Cardiac Arrhythmias:''' | |||
*[[Ventricular tachycardia]] and [[ventricular fibrillation]] can occur as serious complications of heart failure when its pump function is severely impaired. This further worsens the [[cardiac output]] and even possible death. | |||
*[[Atrial fibrillation]] which is rapid beating of atrium without optimal forward pumping of blood is another complication of heart failure which occurs as a result of resistance to blood flow from atrium to ventricles. These patients are at increased risk of [[stroke]]. | |||
*[[Left bundle branch block]] is an abnormality in electrical conduction in the heart. | |||
== | '''2. Congestion:''' | ||
*[[Pulmonary congestion]] which occur in [[left ventricular failure]] can cause [[pulmonary edema]]. | |||
*[[Venous stasis]] and [[pedal edema]] can occur as a complication of [[right heart failure]]. These conditions predispose patients to [[venous ulcers]], [[infections]] and [[cellulites]]. | |||
*[[Cardiac Cirrhosis|Cardiac cirrhosis]] occurs as a result of hepatic venous congestion. This can lead to coma and even death <ref name="pmid7075414">{{cite journal |author=Moussavian SN, Dincsoy HP, Goodman S, Helm RA, Bozian RC |title=Severe hyperbilirubinemia and coma in chronic congestive heart failure |journal=[[Digestive Diseases and Sciences]] |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=175–80 |year=1982 |month=February |pmid=7075414 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-04-29}}</ref>. | |||
[[Category: Cardiology]] | '''3. Angina and myocardial infarction:''' | ||
[[Myocardial ischaemia|Cardiac ischemia]] and [[STEMI|infarction]] can also occur when heart failure patients undergo exertion. | |||
'''4. Renal failure:''' | |||
[[Renal failure|Renal impairment]] can occur secondary to decreased renal perfusion. This further worsens heart failure by fluid retention. | |||
'''5. [[Cardiac cachexia]]:''' | |||
Unintentional rapid weight loss (a loss of at least 7.5% of normal weight within 6 months) can occur in chronic heart failure<ref name="pmid19797959">{{cite journal |author=Freeman LM |title=The pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia |journal=[[Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care]] |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=276–81 |year=2009 |month=December |pmid=19797959 |doi=10.1097/SPC.0b013e32833237f1 |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1751-4258&volume=3&issue=4&spage=276 |accessdate=2011-04-30}}</ref>. This is a bad prognostic factor. | |||
==Prognosis== | |||
===Mortality Associated with Heart Failure=== | |||
Based on the 44-year follow-up of the NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study: | |||
*80% of men and 70% of women under age 65 who have [[heart failure]] will die within following 8 years. | |||
*In people diagnosed with [[heart failure]], [[sudden cardiac death]] occurs at 6 to 9 times the rate of the general population. | |||
*One in eight deaths has [[heart failure]] mentioned on the death certificate. | |||
===Hospital Discharges=== | |||
*Hospital discharges for [[heart failure]] rose from 400,000 in 1979 to 1,084,000 in 2005, an increase of 171%. (NHDS / NHLBI and AHA calculations). | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:DiseaseState]] | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category: Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category: Up-To-Date Cardiology]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 03:37, 2 November 2011
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Saleh El Dassouki, M.D [3], Atif Mohammad, MD
Complications
1. Cardiac Arrhythmias:
- Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation can occur as serious complications of heart failure when its pump function is severely impaired. This further worsens the cardiac output and even possible death.
- Atrial fibrillation which is rapid beating of atrium without optimal forward pumping of blood is another complication of heart failure which occurs as a result of resistance to blood flow from atrium to ventricles. These patients are at increased risk of stroke.
- Left bundle branch block is an abnormality in electrical conduction in the heart.
2. Congestion:
- Pulmonary congestion which occur in left ventricular failure can cause pulmonary edema.
- Venous stasis and pedal edema can occur as a complication of right heart failure. These conditions predispose patients to venous ulcers, infections and cellulites.
- Cardiac cirrhosis occurs as a result of hepatic venous congestion. This can lead to coma and even death [1].
3. Angina and myocardial infarction: Cardiac ischemia and infarction can also occur when heart failure patients undergo exertion.
4. Renal failure: Renal impairment can occur secondary to decreased renal perfusion. This further worsens heart failure by fluid retention.
5. Cardiac cachexia: Unintentional rapid weight loss (a loss of at least 7.5% of normal weight within 6 months) can occur in chronic heart failure[2]. This is a bad prognostic factor.
Prognosis
Mortality Associated with Heart Failure
Based on the 44-year follow-up of the NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study:
- 80% of men and 70% of women under age 65 who have heart failure will die within following 8 years.
- In people diagnosed with heart failure, sudden cardiac death occurs at 6 to 9 times the rate of the general population.
- One in eight deaths has heart failure mentioned on the death certificate.
Hospital Discharges
- Hospital discharges for heart failure rose from 400,000 in 1979 to 1,084,000 in 2005, an increase of 171%. (NHDS / NHLBI and AHA calculations).
References
- ↑ Moussavian SN, Dincsoy HP, Goodman S, Helm RA, Bozian RC (1982). "Severe hyperbilirubinemia and coma in chronic congestive heart failure". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 27 (2): 175–80. PMID 7075414. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Freeman LM (2009). "The pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia". Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care. 3 (4): 276–81. doi:10.1097/SPC.0b013e32833237f1. PMID 19797959. Retrieved 2011-04-30. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)