Glucagonoma history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{Glucagonoma}} | {{Glucagonoma}} | ||
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==Overview== | |||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
The primary [[physiology|physiological]] effect of glucagonoma is an overproduction of the [[peptide]] hormone [[glucagon]], which enhances [[blood glucose]] levels through the activation of [[catabolism|catabolic]] processes including [[gluconeogenesis]] and [[lipolysis]]. Gluconeogenesis produces [[glucose]] from [[protein]] and [[amino acid]] materials; lipolysis is the breakdown of [[adipose tissue|fat]]. The net result is hyperglucagonemia, decreased blood levels of [[amino acid]]s (hypoaminoacidemia), [[anemia]], [[diarrhea]], and weight loss of 5-15 [[kilogram|kg]]. | * The primary [[physiology|physiological]] effect of glucagonoma is an overproduction of the [[peptide]] hormone [[glucagon]], which enhances [[blood glucose]] levels through the activation of [[catabolism|catabolic]] processes including [[gluconeogenesis]] and [[lipolysis]]. Gluconeogenesis produces [[glucose]] from [[protein]] and [[amino acid]] materials; lipolysis is the breakdown of [[adipose tissue|fat]]. The net result is hyperglucagonemia, decreased blood levels of [[amino acid]]s (hypoaminoacidemia), [[anemia]], [[diarrhea]], and weight loss of 5-15 [[kilogram|kg]]. | ||
[[Necrolytic migratory erythema]] (NME) is a classical symptom observed in patients with glucagonoma and is present in 80% of cases. Associated NME is characterized by the spread of erythematous blisters and swelling across areas subject to greater friction and pressure, including the lower [[abdomen]], [[buttock]]s, [[perineum]], and [[groin]]. | * [[Necrolytic migratory erythema]] (NME) is a classical symptom observed in patients with glucagonoma and is present in 80% of cases. Associated NME is characterized by the spread of erythematous blisters and swelling across areas subject to greater friction and pressure, including the lower [[abdomen]], [[buttock]]s, [[perineum]], and [[groin]]. | ||
[[Diabetes mellitus]] also frequently results from the [[insulin]] and [[glucagon]] imbalance that occurs in glucagonoma.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Koike N, Hatori T, Imaizumi T, ''et al'' |title=Malignant glucagonoma of the pancreas diagnoses through anemia and diabetes mellitus |journal=Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=101-5 |year=2003 |pmid=12918465 |doi=}}</ref> Diabetes mellitus is present in 80-90% of cases of glucagonoma, and is exacerbated by preexisting [[insulin resistance]]. | * [[Diabetes mellitus]] also frequently results from the [[insulin]] and [[glucagon]] imbalance that occurs in glucagonoma.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Koike N, Hatori T, Imaizumi T, ''et al'' |title=Malignant glucagonoma of the pancreas diagnoses through anemia and diabetes mellitus |journal=Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=101-5 |year=2003 |pmid=12918465 |doi=}}</ref> Diabetes mellitus is present in 80-90% of cases of glucagonoma, and is exacerbated by preexisting [[insulin resistance]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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Revision as of 17:52, 14 September 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History and Symptoms
- The primary physiological effect of glucagonoma is an overproduction of the peptide hormone glucagon, which enhances blood glucose levels through the activation of catabolic processes including gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. Gluconeogenesis produces glucose from protein and amino acid materials; lipolysis is the breakdown of fat. The net result is hyperglucagonemia, decreased blood levels of amino acids (hypoaminoacidemia), anemia, diarrhea, and weight loss of 5-15 kg.
- Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a classical symptom observed in patients with glucagonoma and is present in 80% of cases. Associated NME is characterized by the spread of erythematous blisters and swelling across areas subject to greater friction and pressure, including the lower abdomen, buttocks, perineum, and groin.
- Diabetes mellitus also frequently results from the insulin and glucagon imbalance that occurs in glucagonoma.[1] Diabetes mellitus is present in 80-90% of cases of glucagonoma, and is exacerbated by preexisting insulin resistance.