Anal cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk factors== | |||
*[[Human papillomavirus]] (HPV) infection: An examination of squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues from patients in Denmark and Sweden showed a high proportion of anal cancers to be positive for the types of HPV that are also associated with high risk of cervical cancer (90% of the tumors from women, 100% of the tumors from homosexual men, and 58% of tumors from heterosexual men).<ref>Danish Medical Bulletin. 2002 Aug;49(3):194-209</ref> In another study done, high-risk types of HPV, notably HPV-16, were detected in 84 percent of anal cancer specimens examined.<ref>New England Journal of Medicine. 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1350-8</ref> | |||
*Sexual activity: Having multiple sex partners or having [[anal sex]], due to the increased risk of exposure to the HPV virus.<ref name="ACS">American Cancer Society.[http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_factors_for_Anal_Cancer_47.asp?sitearea "What Are the Risk Factors for Anal Cancer?"]</ref> | |||
*[[Smoking]]: Current smokers are several times more likely to develop anal cancer compared with nonsmokers.<ref name="ACS">American Cancer Society. [http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_factors_for_Anal_Cancer_47.asp?sitearea "What Are the Risk Factors for Anal Cancer?"]</ref> | |||
*[[Immunosuppression]], which is often associated with [[HIV]] infection.<ref name="ACS">American Cancer Society.[http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_2X_What_are_the_risk_factors_for_Anal_Cancer_47.asp?sitearea "What Are the Risk Factors for Anal Cancer?"]</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:30, 18 January 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Risk factors
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: An examination of squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissues from patients in Denmark and Sweden showed a high proportion of anal cancers to be positive for the types of HPV that are also associated with high risk of cervical cancer (90% of the tumors from women, 100% of the tumors from homosexual men, and 58% of tumors from heterosexual men).[1] In another study done, high-risk types of HPV, notably HPV-16, were detected in 84 percent of anal cancer specimens examined.[2]
- Sexual activity: Having multiple sex partners or having anal sex, due to the increased risk of exposure to the HPV virus.[3]
- Smoking: Current smokers are several times more likely to develop anal cancer compared with nonsmokers.[3]
- Immunosuppression, which is often associated with HIV infection.[3]