West nile virus screening: Difference between revisions
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Commercial kits for human serologic diagnosis of WNV infection are currently in development. Until these kits are available, the CDC-defined IgM and IgG ELISA should be the front-line tests for serum and CSF.46-48 These ELISA tests are the most sensitive screening assays available. The HI and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test may also be used to screen samples for flavivirus antibodies. | Commercial kits for human serologic diagnosis of WNV infection are currently in development. Until these kits are available, the CDC-defined IgM and IgG ELISA should be the front-line tests for serum and CSF.46-48 These ELISA tests are the most sensitive screening assays available. The HI and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test may also be used to screen samples for flavivirus antibodies. | ||
[http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/wnv-guidelines-aug-2003.pdf] | [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/wnv-guidelines-aug-2003.pdf] | ||
==Surveillance methods== | |||
West Nile virus can be sampled from the environment by the [[pooling]] of trapped mosquitoes, testing avian blood samples drawn from wild birds and sentinel monkeys, as well as testing brains of dead birds found by various animal control agencies and the public. Testing of the mosquito samples requires the use of [[RT-PCR]] to directly amplify and show the presence of virus in the submitted samples. When using the blood sera of wild bird and sentinel chickens, samples must be tested for the presence of West Nile virus [[antibodies]] by use of [[immunohistochemistry]] (IHC)<ref>{{cite journal | first = M | last = Jozan | coauthors = Evans R, McLean R, Hall R, Tangredi B, Reed L, Scott J | year = 2003 | month = Fall | title = Detection of West Nile virus infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry | journal = Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 99-110 | id = PMID 14511579}}</ref> or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).<ref>{{cite journal | first = RA | last = Hall | coauthors = Broom AK, Hartnett AC, Howard MJ, Mackenzie JS | year = 1995 | month = Feb | title = Immunodominant epitopes on the NS1 protein of MVE and KUN viruses serve as targets for a blocking ELISA to detect virus-specific antibodies in sentinel animal serum | journal = Journal of Virological Methods | volume = 51 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 201-10 | id = PMID 7738140}}</ref> | |||
Dead birds, after [[necropsy]], have their various tissues tested for virus by either [[RT-PCR]] or immunohistochemistry, where virus shows up as brown stained tissue because of a substrate-[[enzyme]] reaction. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 19:29, 2 February 2012
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Screening
Commercial kits for human serologic diagnosis of WNV infection are currently in development. Until these kits are available, the CDC-defined IgM and IgG ELISA should be the front-line tests for serum and CSF.46-48 These ELISA tests are the most sensitive screening assays available. The HI and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test may also be used to screen samples for flavivirus antibodies. [2]
Surveillance methods
West Nile virus can be sampled from the environment by the pooling of trapped mosquitoes, testing avian blood samples drawn from wild birds and sentinel monkeys, as well as testing brains of dead birds found by various animal control agencies and the public. Testing of the mosquito samples requires the use of RT-PCR to directly amplify and show the presence of virus in the submitted samples. When using the blood sera of wild bird and sentinel chickens, samples must be tested for the presence of West Nile virus antibodies by use of immunohistochemistry (IHC)[1] or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).[2]
Dead birds, after necropsy, have their various tissues tested for virus by either RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry, where virus shows up as brown stained tissue because of a substrate-enzyme reaction.
References
- ↑ Jozan, M (2003). "Detection of West Nile virus infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry". Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 3 (3): 99–110. PMID 14511579. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Hall, RA (1995). "Immunodominant epitopes on the NS1 protein of MVE and KUN viruses serve as targets for a blocking ELISA to detect virus-specific antibodies in sentinel animal serum". Journal of Virological Methods. 51 (2–3): 201–10. PMID 7738140. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)