Leishmaniasis overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Leishmaniasis''' is a [[disease]] caused by [[protozoan]] [[parasite]]s that belong to the genus ''[[Leishmania]]'' and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly, including flies in the genus ''[[Lutzomyia]]'' in the New World and ''[[Phlebotomus]]'' in the Old World. The disease was named in 1901 for the Scottish [[pathologist]] [[William Boog Leishman]]. This disease is also known as Leichmaniosis, Leishmaniose, leishmaniose, and formerly, '''Orient Boils''', '''Baghdad Boil''', '''kala azar''', '''black fever''', '''sandfly disease''', '''Dum-Dum fever''' or '''espundia'''. | |||
Most forms of the disease are transmissible only from animals ([[zoonosis]]), but some can be spread between humans. Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals. These include the ''L. donovani'' complex with three species (''L. donovani, L. infantum'', and'' L. chagasi''); the ''L. mexicana'' complex with 3 main species (''L. mexicana, L. amazonensis'', and ''L. venezuelensis''); ''L. tropica; L. major; L. aethiopica''; and the subgenus ''Viannia'' with four main species (''L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) panamensis'', and ''L. (V.) peruviana''). The different species are morphologically indistinguishable, but they can be differentiated by [[isoenzyme]] analysis, DNA sequence analysis, or monoclonal antibodies. | |||
[[Visceral leishmaniasis]] is a severe form in which the parasites have migrated to the vital organs. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:50, 8 February 2012
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Leishmaniasis Microchapters |
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Leishmaniasis overview On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly, including flies in the genus Lutzomyia in the New World and Phlebotomus in the Old World. The disease was named in 1901 for the Scottish pathologist William Boog Leishman. This disease is also known as Leichmaniosis, Leishmaniose, leishmaniose, and formerly, Orient Boils, Baghdad Boil, kala azar, black fever, sandfly disease, Dum-Dum fever or espundia. Most forms of the disease are transmissible only from animals (zoonosis), but some can be spread between humans. Human infection is caused by about 21 of 30 species that infect mammals. These include the L. donovani complex with three species (L. donovani, L. infantum, and L. chagasi); the L. mexicana complex with 3 main species (L. mexicana, L. amazonensis, and L. venezuelensis); L. tropica; L. major; L. aethiopica; and the subgenus Viannia with four main species (L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) panamensis, and L. (V.) peruviana). The different species are morphologically indistinguishable, but they can be differentiated by isoenzyme analysis, DNA sequence analysis, or monoclonal antibodies.
Visceral leishmaniasis is a severe form in which the parasites have migrated to the vital organs.