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==Epidemiology==
Rubella is a disease that occurs worldwide. The virus tends to peak during the spring in countries with temperate climates. Before the vaccine to rubella was introduced in 1969, widespread outbreaks usually occurred every 6-9 years in the United States and 3-5 years in Europe, mostly affecting children in the 5-9 year old age group.<ref name="pmid11798368">{{cite journal
|author=Reef SE, Frey TK, Theall K, ''et al''
|title=The changing epidemiology of rubella in the 1990s: on the verge of elimination and new challenges for control and prevention
|journal=JAMA
|volume=287
|issue=4
|pages=464–72
|year=2002
|pmid=11798368
|doi=
|url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11798368
}}</ref> Since the introduction of vaccine, occurrences have become rare in those countries with high uptake rates. However, in the UK there remains a large population of men susceptible to rubella who have not been vaccinated. Outbreaks of rubella occurred amongst many young men in the UK in 1993 and  in 1996 the infection was transmitted to pregnant women, many of whom were immigrants and were susceptible. Outbreaks still arise, usually in developing countries where the vaccine is not as accessible.<ref name="pmid16989272">{{cite journal
|author=Reef S
|title=Rubella mass campaigns
|journal=Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.
|volume=304
|issue=
|pages=221–9
|year=2006
|pmid=16989272
|doi=
}}</ref>
During the epidemic in the US between 1962-1965, Rubella virus infections during pregnancy were estimated to have caused 30,000 still births and 20,000 children to be born impaired or disabled as a result of CRS.<ref name="pmid11348695">{{cite journal
|author=Plotkin SA
|title=Rubella eradication
|journal=[[Vaccine]]
|volume=19
|issue=25-26
|pages=3311–9
|year=2001
|pmid=11348695
|doi=
|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264410X01000731
}}</ref><ref>Cooper,L.Z. Congenital Rubella in the United States. 1975 In: Krugman,S Gershon,A (eds), Symposium on Infections Of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. New York, Alan R. Liss Inc.,p.1.</ref>
Universal immunisation producing a high level of [[herd immunity]] is important in the control of epidemics of rubella.<ref name="pmid11105178">{{cite journal
|author=Danovaro-Holliday MC, LeBaron CW, Allensworth C, ''et al''
|title=A large rubella outbreak with spread from the workplace to the community
|journal=JAMA
|volume=284
|issue=21
|pages=2733–9
|year=2000
|pmid=11105178
|doi=
|url=http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11105178
}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 14:57, 9 February 2012

For patient information click here

Rubella
ICD-10 B06
ICD-9 056
DiseasesDB 11719
MedlinePlus 001574

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

This page is for the disease. For the virus, see Rubella virus.

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