Dengue fever: Difference between revisions
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==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
[[Dengue fever medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Dengue fever surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Dengue fever primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Dengue fever secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Dengue fever cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Dengue fever future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]] | [[Dengue fever medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Dengue fever surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Dengue fever primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Dengue fever secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Dengue fever cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Dengue fever future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]] | ||
== Potential antiviral approaches == | == Potential antiviral approaches == | ||
Revision as of 16:48, 9 February 2012
Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox
| Dengue virus | ||||||||
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 A TEM micrograph showing dengue virus.
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For patient information click here
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Dengue Fever Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Dengue fever On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Dengue fever |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology & Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Causes
Differentiating Dengue fever
Complications & Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory tests | Electrocardiogram | X Rays | CT | MRI Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other images | Alternative diagnostics
Treatment
Medical therapy | Surgical options | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | Financial costs | Future therapies
Potential antiviral approaches
In cell culture experiments[1] and mice [2] Morpholino antisense oligos have shown specific activity against Dengue virus.
The yellow fever vaccine (YF-17D) is a related Flavivirus, thus the chimeric replacement of yellow fever vaccine with dengue has been often suggested but no full scale studies have been conducted to date.[2]
In 2002 the Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis and the Singapore Economic Development board created the Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD). NITD is a public-private partnership that researches neglected tropical diseases. NITD's dengue unit is researching an anti-viral drug to treat or prevent dengue fever.
In 2006, a group of Argentine scientists directed by Andrea Gamarnik discovered the molecular replication mechanism of the virus, which could be attacked by disruption of the polymerase's work.[3]
In 2007 the World Community Grid launched a project where by computer modeling of the Dengue Fever Virus (and related viruses) thousands of small molecules are screened for their potential anti-viral properties in fighting the Dengue Fever Virus. This project by use of computer simulations seeks out medicines to directly attack the virus once a person is infected. This is a distributed process project similar to SETI@Home where the general public downloads the World Community Grid agent and the program (along with thousands of other users) screens thousands of molecules while their computer would be otherwise idle. If the user needs to use the computer the program sleeps. There are several different projects running, including a similar one screening for anti-AIDS drugs. The project covering the Dengue Fever virus is called "Discovering Dengue Drugs – Together." The software and information about the project can be found at:
Recent outbreaks
| Country | Cases | Deaths | Date of Information | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cambodia | 20,000 | 38 | Sep. | [3] |
| Costa Rica | 19,000 | 1 | 7 Sep. | [4] |
| India, (West Bengal) | 90,000 | 1,500 | Sep. | [5] |
| Indonesia | 80,837 | 1,099 | Jan. 2006 | [6] |
| Malaysia | 32,950 | 83 | 1 Nov. | [7] |
| Martinique | 6,000 | 2 | 26 Sep. | [8] |
| Philippines | 21,537 | 280 | 2 Oct. | [9] |
| Singapore | 12,700 | 19 | 22 Oct. | [10] |
| Sri Lanka | 3,000 | - | 16 Sep. | [11] |
| Thailand | 31,000 | 58 | Sep. | [12] |
| Vietnam | 20,000 | 28 | 4 Oct. | [13] |
| Pakistan | 4,800 | 50 | 11 Dec 2006. | [14] |
| Total† | 232,724 | 16,673 | — | — |
| †For listed countries only. World Health Organization estimates that there may be 50 million cases of dengue infection worldwide each year. [15] | ||||
During the first months of 2007 over 16,000 cases have been reported in Paraguay, of which around 100 have been detected as DHF cases. This new epidemic is expected to continue in Paraguay for several months, given the forecast of continuous rain all through the summer. Ten deaths have also been reported, including recently a high ranking member of the Ministry of Health. The epidemic has been the root of a scandal in the Paraguayan Department of Health, where one official has resigned because he had approved the use of expired batches of insecticide to control the mosquito vectors of dengue.[4][5] The disease has propagated to Argentina (where it is not considered endemic), in almost all cases by people who recently arrived from Paraguay.[6] In the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul, which borders on Paraguay, the number of cases in March 2007 is estimated to be more than 45,000.[5] Epidemics in the states of Ceará, Pará, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro have taken the Brazilian national tally of cases this year to over 70,000, with upwards of 20 deaths. The proportion of cases registered as DHF is reported to be higher than in previous years.
Americas
- Puerto Rico: [7](August 2007) 2,343 confirmed cases of dengue.
- Dominican Republic: [8](August – October 2006) 4,968 cases with 44 dead.
- Cuba: Media reports [9][10][11][12] (dated September and October 2006) speculate on an outbreak although there is no official report.
Asia Pacific
- Australia: 2006 March 15, 2 confirmed cases at Gordonvale, Cairns, Queensland.
- China: September 2006, 70 cases since June in Guangzhou,Guangdong.[13]
- Cook Islands: [14](October 2006-January 2007) 460 cases.
- India: 2006 September, more than 400 cases and 22 deaths were reported due to dengue fever in New Delhi. [15] By October 7, 2006, reports were of 3,331 cases of the mosquito-borne virus and a death toll of 49. [16]
- Indonesia: 2004 80,000 infected with 800 deaths.
- Malaysia: January 2005 33,203 cases.
- Pakistan: 2006 Over 3230 cases, 50 deaths.
- Karachi 2006 October, the number of infected patients rose to 1836 of which 30 had died.
- Lahore, 2006 October 23, the disease shifted to Lahore during the holidays with the luggage of some people travelling to their homes to celebrate Eid. The number of infected patients is 400 by October 31, of which 4 had died.
- Philippines: [17](January - August 2006) 13,468 cases with 167 dead.
- Singapore: 2007 more than 4029 cases, 8 deaths at 29 Sept.. 2005 at least 13 deaths. 2004 9460 cases. 2003, 4788 cases.
- Thailand: 2005 May, 7200 infected. At least 12 dead.
History
Etymology of "dengue"
The origins of the word are not clear, but one theory is that it is derived from the Swahili phrase "Ka-dinga pepo", which describes the disease as being caused by an evil spirit.[18] The Swahili word "dinga" may possibly have its origin in the Spanish word "dengue" (fastidious or careful), describing the gait of a person suffering dengue fever,[19] or, alternatively, the Spanish word may derive from the Swahili.[20]
History of the Disease
Outbreaks resembling dengue fever have been reported throughout history.[21] The first definitive case report dates from 1789 and is attributed to Benjamin Rush, who coined the term "breakbone fever" (because of the symptoms of myalgia and arthralgia). The viral etiology and the transmission by mosquitoes were only deciphered in the 20th century. Population movements during World War II spread the disease globally.
See also
- Tropical disease
- 2006 dengue outbreak in Pakistan
- 2005 dengue outbreak in Singapore
- 2006 dengue outbreak in India
- Chikungunya
- Joseph Franklin Siler
Footnotes
- ↑ Inhibition of dsdengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 in vero cell cultures with morpholino oligomers. Kinney RM et al, PMID: 15795296. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
- ↑ Antiviral effects of antisense morpholino oligomers in murine coronavirus infection models. Burrer R et al., PMID: 17344287. Retrieved 2 April 2007.
- ↑ Claudia V. Filomatori, Maria F. Lodeiro, Diego E. Alvarez, Marcelo M. Samsa, Lía Pietrasanta, and Andrea V. Gamarnik. A 5' RNA element promotes dengue virus RNA synthesis on a circular genome. Genes & Development, August 2006.
- ↑ "Dengue sparks Paraguay emergency". BBC News. 2 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Paraguay dengue official sacked". BBC News. 6 March 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ↑ Clarín, 22 February 2007. Hay 93 casos de dengue.
- ↑ "Dengue fever surging in Puerto Rico". MSNBC, Telemundo. Aug. 08, 2007. Retrieved 2007-26-09. Check date values in:
|accessdate=, |date=(help) - ↑ Batista, L. "Más de 4,968 afectados por dengue" (in Spanish). Diario Libre. Retrieved 2006-10-19. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ "Protecting the Revolution". Strategypage.com. September 17, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ↑ Acosta, Dalia (2006-09-12). "War on Mosquitoes Continues During Global Summit". Inter Press Service. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ↑ "Cuba wages war on tiny enemy". Independent Online, South Africa. September 25, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ↑ "Cuba waging war against dengue fever". Miami Herald. October 7, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ↑ China, Dengue Fever Cases Jump, Taipei Times, 29 August, 2006.
- ↑ "460 people in Cook Islands affected by Dengue Fever outbreak". Radio New Zealand International. 15 January, 2007. Retrieved 2007-01-15. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/10/02/asia/AS_GEN_India_Dengue_Outbreak.php International Herald Tribune, Associated Press News, Published: October 2, 2006 & Accessed on: October 2, 2006]
- ↑ India says dengue outbreak serious as death toll rises Pratap Chakravarty, news.yahoo.com, 7 October 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
- ↑ Santos, Tina (September 10, 2006). "DOH names dengue-hit areas in metropolis". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ↑ Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents
- ↑ Etymonline entry
- ↑ "etomologia: dengue" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (6): 893. 2006.
- ↑ Gubler D (1998). "Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever". Clin Microbiol Rev. 11 (3): 480–96. PMID 9665979.
References
- Manson's Tropical Diseases
- Mandell's Principles and Practices of Infection Diseases
- Cecil Textbook of Medicine
- The Oxford Textbook of Medicine
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
- [16]
- Theiler, Max and Downs, W. G. 1973. The Arthropod-Borne Viruses of Vertebrates: An Account of The Rockefeller Foundation Virus Program 1951-1970. Yale University Press.
- Downs, Wilbur H., et al. 1965. Virus diseases in the West Indies. Special edition of the Caribbean Medical Journal, Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-4, 1965.
- Earle, k. Vigors. 1965. "Notes on the Dengue epidemic at Point Fortin." The Caribbean Medical Journal, Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-4, pp. 157-164.
- Hill, A. Edward. 1965. "Isolation of Dengue Virus from a Human Being in Trinidad." Virus diseases in the West Indies. The Caribbean Medical Journal, Vol. XXVI, Nos. 1-4, pp. 83-84; "Dengue and Related Fevers in Trinidad and Tobago." Ibid, pp. 91-96.
External links
- CDC site on Dengue Fever.
- Dengueinfo.org - Resources & depository of Dengue Virus genomic sequences for biomedical researchers.
- M.I. Dengue - Brazilian world awarded system to monitor and control the Dengue Mosquito
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