Cholera laboratory tests: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Choleria is a severe bacterial gastrointestinal, diarrheal disease. In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. A healthy person may become [[hypotension|hypotensive]] within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided. More commonly, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4-12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without [[rehydration]] treatment.<ref name=McLeod_2000>{{cite journal |author=McLeod K |title=Our sense of Snow: John Snow in medical geography |journal=Soc Sci Med |volume=50 |issue=7-8 |pages=923-35 |year=2000 |pmid = 10714917}}</ref><ref> WHO Cholera [http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/control/en/index.html]</ref> | Choleria is a severe bacterial gastrointestinal, diarrheal disease. In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. A healthy person may become [[hypotension|hypotensive]] within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided. More commonly, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4-12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without [[rehydration]] treatment.<ref name=McLeod_2000>{{cite journal |author=McLeod K |title=Our sense of Snow: John Snow in medical geography |journal=Soc Sci Med |volume=50 |issue=7-8 |pages=923-35 |year=2000 |pmid = 10714917}}</ref><ref> WHO Cholera [http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/control/en/index.html]</ref> | ||
==Lab tests== | |||
[[Stool]] and swab collected in the acute stage of the disease are useful specimens for laboratory diagnosis. A number of special media have been employed for the cultivation for Cholera vibrios. They are classified as follows: | |||
==== Holding or transport media ==== | |||
#''Venkataraman-ramakrishnan (VR) medium'' | |||
#''Cary-Blair medium'': This the most popularly carrying media. This is a buffered solution of [[sodium chloride]], sodium thioglycollate, disodium phosphate and [[calcium chloride]] at pH 8.4. | |||
==== Enrichment media ==== | |||
#''Alkaline peptone water'' at pH 8.6 | |||
#''Monsur's taurocholate tellurite peptone water'' at pH 9.2 | |||
==== Plating media ==== | |||
#''Alkaline bile salt agar'': The colonies are very similar to those on Nutrient Agar. | |||
#''Monsur's gelatin Tauro cholate trypticase tellurite agar (GTTA) medium'': Cholera vibrios produce small translucent colonies with a greyish black centre. | |||
#''TCBS medium'': This the mostly widely used medium. This medium contains thiosulphate, citrate, [[bile salts]] and [[sucrose]]. Also in oysters and lobster in some cases. Cholera vibrios produce flat 2-3 mm in diameter, yellow nucleated colonies. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 17:13, 21 February 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
Choleria is a severe bacterial gastrointestinal, diarrheal disease. In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. A healthy person may become hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided. More commonly, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4-12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without rehydration treatment.[1][2]
Lab tests
Stool and swab collected in the acute stage of the disease are useful specimens for laboratory diagnosis. A number of special media have been employed for the cultivation for Cholera vibrios. They are classified as follows:
Holding or transport media
- Venkataraman-ramakrishnan (VR) medium
- Cary-Blair medium: This the most popularly carrying media. This is a buffered solution of sodium chloride, sodium thioglycollate, disodium phosphate and calcium chloride at pH 8.4.
Enrichment media
- Alkaline peptone water at pH 8.6
- Monsur's taurocholate tellurite peptone water at pH 9.2
Plating media
- Alkaline bile salt agar: The colonies are very similar to those on Nutrient Agar.
- Monsur's gelatin Tauro cholate trypticase tellurite agar (GTTA) medium: Cholera vibrios produce small translucent colonies with a greyish black centre.
- TCBS medium: This the mostly widely used medium. This medium contains thiosulphate, citrate, bile salts and sucrose. Also in oysters and lobster in some cases. Cholera vibrios produce flat 2-3 mm in diameter, yellow nucleated colonies.