Hepatitis A overview: Difference between revisions
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[[image:8153_thumb.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of hepatitis virions]] | [[image:8153_thumb.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of hepatitis virions]] | ||
'''Hepatitis A''' (formerly known as ''infectious [[hepatitis]]'' and epidemical virus) is an [[Acute (medical)|acute]] [[infectious disease]] of the [[liver]] caused by the hepatitis A virus (Hep A),<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th | pages = 541–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0838585299 }}</ref> an RNA virus, usually spread the fecal-oral route; transmitted person-to-person by ingestion of contaminated food or water or through direct contact with an infectious person. Tens of millions of individuals worldwide are estimated to | '''Hepatitis A''' (formerly known as ''infectious [[hepatitis]]'' and epidemical virus) is an [[Acute (medical)|acute]] [[infectious disease]] of the [[liver]] caused by the hepatitis A virus (Hep A),<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th | pages = 541–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0838585299 }}</ref> an RNA virus, usually spread the fecal-oral route; transmitted person-to-person by ingestion of contaminated food or water or through direct contact with an infectious person. Tens of millions of individuals worldwide are estimated to | ||
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In [[developing country|developing countries]], and in regions with poor hygiene standards, the [[incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] of infection with this virus is high<ref name="pmid16271541">{{cite journal | In [[developing country|developing countries]], and in regions with poor hygiene standards, the [[incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] of infection with this virus is high<ref name="pmid16271541">{{cite journal | ||
| author = Steffen R | | author = Steffen R | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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Revision as of 15:13, 14 June 2012
Hepatitis A (formerly known as infectious hepatitis and epidemical virus) is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (Hep A),[1] an RNA virus, usually spread the fecal-oral route; transmitted person-to-person by ingestion of contaminated food or water or through direct contact with an infectious person. Tens of millions of individuals worldwide are estimated to become infected with Hep A each year.[2] The time between infection and the appearance of the symptoms (the incubation period) is between two and six weeks and the average incubation period is 28 days.[3]
HAV infection produces a self-limited disease that does not result in chronic infection or chronic liver disease. However, 10–15% of patients might experience a relapse of symptoms during the 6 months after acute illness. Acute liver failure from Hepatitis A is rare (overall case-fatality rate: 0.5%). The risk for symptomatic infection is directly related to age, with >80% of adults having symptoms compatible with acute viral hepatitis and the majority of children having either asymptomatic or unrecognized infection.[6] Antibody produced in response to HAV infection persists for life and confers protection against reinfection. The disease can be prevented by vaccination, and hepatitis A vaccine has been proven effective in controlling outbreaks worldwide.[3]
References
- ↑ Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 541–4. ISBN 0838585299.
- ↑ Wasley A, Fiore A, Bell BP (2006). "Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination". Epidemiol Rev. 28: 101–11. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxj012. PMID 16775039.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Connor BA (2005). "Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler". Am. J. Med. 118 (Suppl 10A): 58S–62S. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018. PMID 16271543.
- ↑ Steffen R (2005). "Changing travel-related global epidemiology of hepatitis A". Am. J. Med. 118 (10): 46S–49S. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.016. PMID 16271541. Retrieved 2008-12-20. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Jacobsen KH, Koopman JS (2005). "The effects of socioeconomic development on worldwide hepatitis A virus seroprevalence patterns". Int J Epidemiol. 34 (3): 600–9. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi062. PMID 15831565.
- ↑ Ciocca M. (2000). "Clinical course and consequences of hepatitis A infection". Vaccine. 18: 71–4. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00470-3. PMID 10683554.