Cholera medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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Choleria is a severe bacterial gastrointestinal, diarrheal disease. In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. A healthy person may become [[hypotension|hypotensive]] within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided. More commonly, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4-12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without [[rehydration]] treatment.<ref name=McLeod_2000>{{cite journal |author=McLeod K |title=Our sense of Snow: John Snow in medical geography |journal=Soc Sci Med |volume=50 |issue=7-8 |pages=923-35 |year=2000 |pmid = 10714917}}</ref><ref> WHO Cholera [http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/control/en/index.html]</ref> | Choleria is a severe bacterial gastrointestinal, diarrheal disease. In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. A healthy person may become [[hypotension|hypotensive]] within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided. More commonly, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4-12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without [[rehydration]] treatment.<ref name=McLeod_2000>{{cite journal |author=McLeod K |title=Our sense of Snow: John Snow in medical geography |journal=Soc Sci Med |volume=50 |issue=7-8 |pages=923-35 |year=2000 |pmid = 10714917}}</ref><ref> WHO Cholera [http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/control/en/index.html]</ref> | ||
==Medical therapy== | ==Medical therapy== | ||
===Summary of the treatment=== | |||
* Rehydrate with ORS or IV solution depending on the severity. Rehydration involves replenishment of the lost fluids and then maintenance of the fluid balance | |||
* Maintain hydration and monitor frequently the hydration status | |||
* Give antibiotics for severe cholera cases | |||
==Assessment of dehydration== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" class="sortable" | |||
|+ '''Assessment of dehydration''' | |||
|- | |||
! Mental status | |||
! Eyes | |||
! Thirst | |||
! Skin pinch | |||
! Conclusions | |||
|- | |||
| Normal, Alert | |||
| Normal, hydrated | |||
| Normal | |||
| Goes down quickly (spontaneously) | |||
| No / Mild dehydration | |||
|- | |||
| Irritable | |||
| Sunken | |||
| Drink eagerly | |||
| Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) | |||
| Some / Moderate dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | |||
|- | |||
| Severe | |||
| Sunken | |||
| Drinks poorly | |||
| Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) | |||
| Severe dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===HOW TO PREPARE HOME-MADE ORS SOLUTION?=== | ===HOW TO PREPARE HOME-MADE ORS SOLUTION?=== | ||
* If ORS sachets are available: dilute one sachet in one litre of safe water | * If ORS sachets are available: dilute one sachet in one litre of safe water | ||
Revision as of 19:23, 4 April 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
Choleria is a severe bacterial gastrointestinal, diarrheal disease. In its most severe forms, cholera is one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. A healthy person may become hypotensive within an hour of the onset of symptoms and may die within 2-3 hours if no treatment is provided. More commonly, the disease progresses from the first liquid stool to shock in 4-12 hours, with death following in 18 hours to several days without rehydration treatment.[1][2]
Medical therapy
Summary of the treatment
- Rehydrate with ORS or IV solution depending on the severity. Rehydration involves replenishment of the lost fluids and then maintenance of the fluid balance
- Maintain hydration and monitor frequently the hydration status
- Give antibiotics for severe cholera cases
Assessment of dehydration
| Mental status | Eyes | Thirst | Skin pinch | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal, Alert | Normal, hydrated | Normal | Goes down quickly (spontaneously) | No / Mild dehydration |
| Irritable | Sunken | Drink eagerly | Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) | Some / Moderate dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) |
| Severe | Sunken | Drinks poorly | Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) | Severe dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present) |
HOW TO PREPARE HOME-MADE ORS SOLUTION?
- If ORS sachets are available: dilute one sachet in one litre of safe water
- Otherwise: Add to one litre of safe water:
- Salt 1/2 small spoon (2.5 grams)
- Sugar 6 small spoons (30 grams)
- Try to compensate for loss of potassium (for example, eat bananas or drink green coconut water)