Cardiac disease in pregnancy epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{CZ}}
{{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{CZ}}


==Overview==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==  
*Cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and [[stroke]], account for more than one-third (33.6%) of all U.S. deaths.[http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/pdf/2011/Heart-Disease-and-Stroke-AAG-2011.pdf]


* Cardiovascular disease complicates 1- 4% of all pregnancies  
*Approximately 1% of all pregnancies are complicated by cardiovascular disease.
* Together with DVT/PE has surpassed hemorrhage, infection, and hypertensive disorders as leading cause of maternal mortality (20-30%)
 
* Increasing numbers of women with [[congenital heart disease]] are now reaching childbearing age
* Heart disease along with [[deep venous thrombosis]] and [[pulmonary thromboembolism]] has surpassed [[hemorrhage]], [[infection]], and [[HTN|hypertensive]] disorders as the leading cause of maternal mortality (20-30%).
 
==Pregnancy-related Mortality in the United States [http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/MaternalInfantHealth/Pregnancy-relatedMortality.htm]==
*A pregnancy-related death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within one year of pregnancy termination regardless of the duration or site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes.
 
*In the United States—
::*Of the 3,319 deaths within a year of pregnancy termination that occurred in 2006-2007, 1,294 were found to be pregnancy-related.
::*The pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 15.1 deaths per 100,000 live births for the period 2006–2007.
 
*Considerable racial disparities in pregnancy-related mortality exist and during the 2006–2007 period, the pregnancy-related mortality ratios were:
::*11.0 deaths per 100,000 live births for white women.
::*34.8 deaths per 100,000 live births for black women.
::*15.7 deaths per 100,000 live births for women of other races.
 
*The graph below depicts the causes for pregnancy-related deaths in the United States for the year 2006-2007.
 
[[File:CDC Pregnancy related death year2006 07.jpg|left|600px]]
<br clear="left"/>
 
==Resources==
*[http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/MaternalInfantHealth/Pregnancy-relatedMortality.htm CDC: Pregnancy-related Mortality in the United States, 2006-2007]
*[http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2010/12000/Pregnancy_Related_Mortality_in_the_United_States,.11.aspx CDC: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1998–2005]
 
*[http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2003/02000/Pregnancy_Related_Mortality_in_the_United_States,.15.aspx CDC: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1991–1997]
 
*CDC: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1987–1990.<ref name="pmid8692494">{{cite journal |author=Berg CJ, Atrash HK, Koonin LM, Tucker M |title=Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1987-1990 |journal=[[Obstetrics and Gynecology]] |volume=88 |issue=2 |pages=161–7 |year=1996 |month=August |pmid=8692494 |doi=10.1016/0029-7844(96)00135-4 |url= |accessdate=2012-04-17}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:20, 17 April 2012

Cardiac disease in pregnancy Microchapters

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Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

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I. Pre-existing Cardiac Disease:
Congenital Heart Disease
Repaired Congenital Heart Disease
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II. Valvular Heart Disease:
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Regurgitation
Aortic Insufficiency
Aortic Stenosis
Mechanical Prosthetic Valves
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III. Cardiomyopathy:
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
IV. Cardiac diseases that may develop During Pregnancy:
Arrhythmias
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Hypertension

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • Cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke, account for more than one-third (33.6%) of all U.S. deaths.[3]
  • Approximately 1% of all pregnancies are complicated by cardiovascular disease.

Pregnancy-related Mortality in the United States [4]

  • A pregnancy-related death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within one year of pregnancy termination regardless of the duration or site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes.
  • In the United States—
  • Of the 3,319 deaths within a year of pregnancy termination that occurred in 2006-2007, 1,294 were found to be pregnancy-related.
  • The pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 15.1 deaths per 100,000 live births for the period 2006–2007.
  • Considerable racial disparities in pregnancy-related mortality exist and during the 2006–2007 period, the pregnancy-related mortality ratios were:
  • 11.0 deaths per 100,000 live births for white women.
  • 34.8 deaths per 100,000 live births for black women.
  • 15.7 deaths per 100,000 live births for women of other races.
  • The graph below depicts the causes for pregnancy-related deaths in the United States for the year 2006-2007.


Resources

  • CDC: Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1987–1990.[1]

References

  1. ↑ Berg CJ, Atrash HK, Koonin LM, Tucker M (1996). "Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1987-1990". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 88 (2): 161–7. doi:10.1016/0029-7844(96)00135-4. PMID 8692494. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)


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