Mixed angina pectoris

Chronic stable angina Microchapters
Acute Coronary Syndrome Main Page
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Classic Chronic Stable Angina
Atypical Walk through Angina Mixed Angina Nocturnal Angina Postprandial Angina Cardiac Syndrome X Vasospastic Angina
Differentiating Chronic Stable Angina from Acute Coronary Syndromes
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Stratification
Pretest Probability of CAD in a Patient with Angina
Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Test Selection Guideline for the Individual Basis
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Exercise ECG
Chest X Ray
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy with Pharmacologic Stress
Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy with Thallium
Echocardiography
Exercise Echocardiography
Computed coronary tomography angiography(CCTA)
Positron Emission Tomography
Ambulatory ST Segment Monitoring
Electron Beam Tomography
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Coronary Angiography
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Revascularization
PCI
CABG
Hybrid Coronary Revascularization
Alternative Therapies for Refractory Angina
Transmyocardial Revascularization (TMR)
Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
Enhanced External Counter Pulsation (EECP)
ACC/AHA Guidelines for Alternative Therapies in patients with Refractory Angina
Discharge Care
Patient Follow-Up
Rehabilitation
Secondary Prevention
Guidelines for Asymptomatic Patients
Noninvasive Testing in Asymptomatic Patients
Risk Stratification by Coronary Angiography
Pharmacotherapy to Prevent MI and Death in Asymptomatic Patients
Landmark Trials
Case Studies
Case #1
Mixed angina pectoris On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Mixed angina pectoris
CDC onMixed angina pectoris
Mixed angina pectoris in the news
Blogs on Mixed angina pectoris
to Hospitals Treating Mixed angina pectoris
Risk calculators and risk factors for Mixed angina pectoris

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Mixed or variable threshold angina pectoris is a syndrome in which there is substantial variation in the magnitude of physical activity that induces anginal chest pain.

Pathophysiology

• Dynamic vasoconstriction which is superimposed on fixed atherosclerotic coronary artery obstruction has been postulated as the underlying pathophysiologic mechanism for the changes in exercise threshold in mixed angina pectoris.

Diagnosis

Symptoms

• The essential clinical feature of mixed angina is a substantial variation in the degree of physical activity that induces angina.
• This group of patients may also experience nocturnal angina on certain occasions.
• Anginal episodes may also occur upon exposure to cold, during periods of emotional stress, or after meals.

Treatment

• The treatment is the same as in chronic stable angina.