Deep vein thrombosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The | The identification and minimization of risk factors is important in the management of DVT. The duration of [[anticoagulation]] is guided by the presence of [[Thrombophilia#Treatment|thrombophilic risk factors]]. | ||
DVT risk factors can be classified into three groups: | |||
* Modifiable | * Modifiable | ||
* Non-modifiable | * Non-modifiable | ||
Revision as of 23:33, 14 June 2012
Editor(s)-In-Chief: The APEX Trial Investigators, C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS [3]; Kashish Goel, M.D.; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Justine Cadet
|
Deep Vein Thrombosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Special Scenario |
|
Trials |
|
Case Studies |
|
Deep vein thrombosis risk factors On the Web |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Deep vein thrombosis risk factors |
Overview
The identification and minimization of risk factors is important in the management of DVT. The duration of anticoagulation is guided by the presence of thrombophilic risk factors.
DVT risk factors can be classified into three groups:
- Modifiable
- Non-modifiable
- Temporary
Modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors can be defined as risk factors within the patient profile which are reversible based on lifestyle/behavior modification.
- Obesity: Obesity is defined as a body-mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2. Underweight subjects have reduced risk while obese people have significant risk for DVT, and or PE.[1] [2] [3]
- Within obesity, a number of additional behaviors can further contribute to an increased risk of VTE including:[1]
- Smoking
- Use of oral contraceptives (in women)
- Extended air travel or air travel of a long duration
- Homocysteine Elevated homocysteine has been consistently reported as a risk factor for venous thrombosis and levels can be reduced with B vitamin supplementation.[4]
- Smoking significantly increased the risk of DVT in women who are taking oral contraceptive pills.
Non-modifiable risk factors
- Age: risk of DVT increases with age.
- Thrombophilia.
Temporary risk factors
- A previous history of DVT (most significant risk factor). Cushman et al. noted a 28-day case-fatality rate of 9.4% after first-time DVT and 15.1% after first-time PE.[5]
- Injury to a deep vein from surgery, fractured bone, or other trauma.
- Prolong Immobilization: Causes stasis in the deep veins. This may occur after surgery, if you're ill and in bed for a long time, or if you're on a long flight.
- Pregnancy and puerperium.
- Active cancer.
- Central venous catheter.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Holst AG, Jensen G, Prescott E (2010). "Risk factors for venous thromboembolism: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study". Circulation. 121 (17): 1896–903. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.921460. PMID 20404252.
- ↑ Vayá A, Martínez-Triguero ML, España F, Todolí JA, Bonet E, Corella D (2011). "The metabolic syndrome and its individual components: its association with venous thromboembolism in a Mediterranean population". Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 9 (3): 197–201. doi:10.1089/met.2010.0117. PMID 21352080.
- ↑ Eichinger S, Hron G, Bialonczyk C, Hirschl M, Minar E, Wagner O; et al. (2008). "Overweight, obesity, and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism". Arch Intern Med. 168 (15): 1678–83. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1678. PMID 18695082.
- ↑ Cattaneo M (2006). "Hyperhomocysteinemia and venous thromboembolism". Semin Thromb Hemost. 32 (7): 716–23. doi:10.1055/s-2006-951456. PMID 17024599.
- ↑ Cushman M, Tsai AW, White RH, Heckbert SR, Rosamond WD, Enright P; et al. (2004). "Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in two cohorts: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology". Am J Med. 117 (1): 19–25. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.01.018. PMID 15210384.