Eye neoplasm: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
(Created page with "{{SI}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{WH}} {{WS}}")
 
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox Disease |
  Name          = Eye neoplasm |
  Image          = |
  Caption        = |
  DiseasesDB    = |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|C|69||c|69}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|190}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = D005134 |
}}
{{SI}}
{{SI}}


Line 4: Line 18:


==Overview==
==Overview==
'''Ocular oncology''' is the branch of [[medicine]] dealing with [[tumors]] relating to the [[human eye|eye]] and its [[adnexa]]. '''Eye cancer''' can affect all parts of the [[human eye|eye]].


==Eye cancer==
===Origin and location===
Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) and [[metastasis|metastatic cancer]] (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are [[breast cancer]] and [[lung cancer]]. Other less common sites of origin include the [[prostate]], [[kidney]], [[thyroid]], [[skin]], [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]] and [[leukemia|blood or bone marrow]].


===Types===
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2010}}
Tumors in the eye and orbit can be [[benign]] like [[dermoid cyst]]s, or [[malignant]] like [[rhabdomyosarcoma]] and [[retinoblastoma]].
====Malignant====
The most common eyelid tumor is called [[basal cell carcinoma]]. This tumor can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Other types of common eyelid cancers include [[squamous carcinoma]], [[sebaceous carcinoma]] and [[malignant melanoma]]. The most common orbital malignancy is ''orbital lymphoma''. This tumor can be diagnosed by biopsy with histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Most patients with orbital lymphoma can be offered [[chemotherapy]] or [[radiation therapy]].
=====Adults=====
*The most common malignant primary [[wikt:intraocular|intraocular]] tumor in adults is [[uveal melanoma]]. These tumors can occur in the [[choroid]], [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and [[ciliary body]]. The latter are sometimes called iris or [[ciliary body melanoma]].
*The next most common is primary [[intraocular lymphoma]] (PIOL) which is usually non-Hodgkin’s, large cell lymphoma of the B-cell type, although T cell lymphomas have also been described.
=====Children=====
*The most common malignant intraocular tumor in children is [[retinoblastoma]], affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America. Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Kim JW, Abramson DH, Dunkel IJ | title = Current management strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma | journal = Drugs | year = 2007 | volume = 67 | issue = 15 | pages = 2173–2185 | pmid = 17927283}}</ref>
*The second most common is [[medulloepithelioma]] (also called diktyoma) which can occur in the ciliary body and the uvea of the eye.
====Benign====
[[Orbit (anatomy)|Orbital]] [[dermoid cyst]]s are benign [[wikt:choristoma|choristomas]] which are typically found at the junction of sutures, most commonly at the fronto-zygomatic suture. Large deep orbital dermoid cysts can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of vision.
==Signs and symptoms==
* Melanomas (choroidal, ciliary body and uveal) -  In the early stages there may be no symptoms (the person does not know there is a tumor until an ophthalmologist or optometrist looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope during a routine test).  As the tumor grows, symptoms can be blurred vision, decreased vision, double vision, eventual vision loss and if they continue to grow the tumor can break past the retina causing retinal detachment. Sometimes the tumor can be visible through the pupil.
* Nevus - Are benign, freckle in the eye.    These should be checked out and regular checks on the eye done to ensure it hasn't turned into a melanoma.
* Iris and conjuctival tumors (melanomas) -  Presents as a dark spot.  Any spot which continues to grow on the iris and the conjunctiva should be checked out.
* Retinoblastoma -  Strabismus (crossed eyes), a whitish or yellowish glow through the pupil, decreasing/loss of vision, sometimes the eye may be red and painful.  Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes.  This tumor occurs in babies and young children.  It is called RB for short.  Check photographs, normal healthy eyes would have the red eye reflex,  but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease.  Any photos of a child/children which have a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex should be checked out.
==Treatment==
* [[Laser therapy]]
* [[Plaque therapy]]
* [[Radiotherapy]]
* [[Enucleation of the Eye]] - Removal of the eye, but the muscles and eyelids are left intact.  An implant is inserted,  then the person wears a conformer shield and later the person will have their prosthesis made and fitted (the prosthesis is made by someone called an ocularist and is made to look like their real eye)
* [[Evisceration (ophthalmology)|Evisceration]] - Removal of the eye contents, leaving the sclera or the white part of the eye.
* [[Exenteration]] - Removal of the eye, all orbital contents, which can involve the eyelids as well.  A special prosthesis is made to cover the defect and improve appearance.
* [[Iridectomy]] - Removal of the affected piece of the iris
* [[Choroidectomy]] - Removal of the choroid layer (the vascular tissue sandwiched between the sclera and the retina)
* [[Iridocyclectomy]] - Removal of the iris plus the ciliary body muscle.
* [[Eyewall resection]] - Cutting into the eye to remove a tumor e.g. melanoma.  This operation can be quite difficult to perform.
* [[Chemotherapy]]
==Classification==
===Choroidal tumors===
* Choroidal [[hemangioma]]<ref name="urlChoroidal Hemangioma - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=61&Category=Choroidal+Tumors&Condition=Choroidal+Hemangioma |title=Choroidal Hemangioma - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* Choroidal [[melanoma]]<ref name="urlChoroidal Melanoma - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=62&Category=Choroidal+Tumors&Condition=Choroidal+Melanoma |title=Choroidal Melanoma - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* Choroidal [[metastasis]]<ref name="urlChoroidal Metastasis - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=59&Category=Choroidal+Tumors&Condition=Choroidal+Metastasis |title=Choroidal Metastasis - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* Choroidal [[nevus]]<ref name="urlChoroidal Nevus - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=60&Category=Choroidal+Tumors&Condition=Choroidal+Nevus |title=Choroidal Nevus - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* Choroidal [[osteoma]]<ref name="urlChoroidal Osteoma - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=33&Category=Choroidal+Tumors&Condition=Choroidal+Osteoma |title=Choroidal Osteoma - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* Ciliary body [[melanoma]]<ref name="urlCiliary Body Melanoma - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=69&Category=Choroidal+Tumors&Condition=Ciliary+Body+Melanoma |title=Ciliary Body Melanoma - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* The [[nevus of Ota]]<ref name="urlThe Nevus of Ota - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=34&Category=Choroidal+Tumors&Condition=The+Nevus+of+Ota |title=The Nevus of Ota - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
===Conjunctival tumors===
[[File:Conjunctival carcinoma - 6.jpg|thumb|right|Advanced conjunctival carcinoma protruding through the palpebral fissure.]]
* Conjunctival [[Kaposi's sarcoma]]<ref name="urlConjunctival Kaposis Sarcoma - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=43&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=Conjunctival+Kaposi%27s+Sarcoma |title=Conjunctival Kaposi's Sarcoma - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* Epibulbar [[dermoid]]<ref name="urlEpibulbar Dermoid - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=73&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=Epibulbar+Dermoid |title=Epibulbar Dermoid - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* [[Malignant]] [[conjunctival tumors]]<ref name="urlGeneral Information: Malignant Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=35&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=General+Information%3a+Malignant+Conjunctival+Tumors |title=General Information: Malignant Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* [[Lymphoma]] of the conjunctiva<ref name="urlLymphoma of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=42&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=Lymphoma+of+the+Conjunctiva |title=Lymphoma of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* [[Melanoma]] and [[primary acquired melanosis|PAM]] with [[atypia]]<ref name="urlMelanoma and PAM with Atypia - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=37&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=Melanoma+and+PAM+with+Atypia |title=Melanoma and PAM with Atypia - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* [[Pigmented conjunctival tumors]]<ref name="urlPigmented Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=36&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=Pigmented+Conjunctival+Tumors |title=Pigmented Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* [[Pingueculum]]<ref name="urlPingueculum - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=71&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=Pingueculum |title=Pingueculum - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* [[Pterygium]]<ref name="urlPterygium - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=72&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=Pterygium |title=Pterygium - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
* [[Squamous carcinoma]] and [[intraepithelial neoplasia]] of the conjunctiva<ref name="urlSquamous Carcinoma and Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network">{{cite web |url=http://www.eyecancer.com/Patient/Condition.aspx?nID=38&Category=Conjunctival+Tumors&Condition=Squamous+Carcinoma+and+Intraepithelial+Neoplasia+of+the+Conjunctiva+ |title=Squamous Carcinoma and Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network |format= |work= |accessdate=2010-03-10}}</ref>
==Ocular oncology==
Ocular [[oncology]] takes into consideration that the primary requirement for patients is preservation of life by removal of the tumor, along with best efforts directed at preservation of useful vision, followed by cosmetic appearance. The treatment of ocular tumors is generally a multi-specialty effort, requiring coordination between the ophthalmologist, medical oncologist, radiation specialist, head & neck surgeon / ENT surgeon, pediatrician/internal medicine/hospitalist and a multidisciplinary team of support staff and nurses.
==See also==
*[[List of eye diseases and disorders]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
==External links==
* [http://www.tumori.org/ The Tumori Foundation]
* [http://seeacure.com The See A Cure Foundation. A grassroots, patient-based, eye cancer nonprofit]
* [http://www.eyetumor.org/  The Ocular Oncology Service]
* [http://eyecancer.com The Eye Cancer Network]
* [http://www.cancer.net/patient/Cancer+Types/Eye+Cancer Cancer.Net: Eye Cancer]
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eyecancer.html Eye Cancer - Medline Plus]
* [http://www.eyecancermd.org/index.html  Ocular Oncology - Bascom Palmer Eye Institute]
*{{cite web | author=William Charles Caccamise Sr | title=A photographic cache of eyelid and conjunctival malignant lesions | url=http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlassearch1.htm?appSession=42615655966259 | publisher=EyeRounds.org}}
 
===Specific types===
* [http://www.cancer.net/patient/Cancer+Types/Eyelid+Cancer Cancer.Net: Eyelid Cancer]
* DeAngelis, D; Hurwitz, J. [http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic694.htm "Lacrimal Gland Tumors."] eMedicine.com. June 8, 2005.
* [http://www.cancer.net/patient/Cancer+Types/Lacrimal+Gland+Tumor Cancer.Net: Lacrimal Gland Tumor]
* [http://www.cancer.net/patient/Cancer+Types/Retinoblastoma+-+Childhood Cancer.Net: Retinoblastoma, Childhood]
 
{{Eye tumors}}
 
[[Category:Ocular neoplasia]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
 
[[ar:أورام العين]]
[[hi:नेत्र सूजन]]
[[hr:Tumori oka]]
[[ne:आँखा सुनिंनु]]
[[no:Øyekreft]]
[[ru:Опухоли глаза]]
[[sh:Tumori oka]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Revision as of 13:28, 14 July 2012

Eye neoplasm
ICD-10 C69
ICD-9 190
MeSH D005134

WikiDoc Resources for Eye neoplasm

Articles

Most recent articles on Eye neoplasm

Most cited articles on Eye neoplasm

Review articles on Eye neoplasm

Articles on Eye neoplasm in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Eye neoplasm

Images of Eye neoplasm

Photos of Eye neoplasm

Podcasts & MP3s on Eye neoplasm

Videos on Eye neoplasm

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Eye neoplasm

Bandolier on Eye neoplasm

TRIP on Eye neoplasm

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Eye neoplasm at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Eye neoplasm

Clinical Trials on Eye neoplasm at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Eye neoplasm

NICE Guidance on Eye neoplasm

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Eye neoplasm

CDC on Eye neoplasm

Books

Books on Eye neoplasm

News

Eye neoplasm in the news

Be alerted to news on Eye neoplasm

News trends on Eye neoplasm

Commentary

Blogs on Eye neoplasm

Definitions

Definitions of Eye neoplasm

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Eye neoplasm

Discussion groups on Eye neoplasm

Patient Handouts on Eye neoplasm

Directions to Hospitals Treating Eye neoplasm

Risk calculators and risk factors for Eye neoplasm

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Eye neoplasm

Causes & Risk Factors for Eye neoplasm

Diagnostic studies for Eye neoplasm

Treatment of Eye neoplasm

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Eye neoplasm

International

Eye neoplasm en Espanol

Eye neoplasm en Francais

Business

Eye neoplasm in the Marketplace

Patents on Eye neoplasm

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Eye neoplasm

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Ocular oncology is the branch of medicine dealing with tumors relating to the eye and its adnexa. Eye cancer can affect all parts of the eye.

Eye cancer

Origin and location

Eye cancers can be primary (starts within the eye) and metastatic cancer (spread to the eye from another organ). The two most common cancers that spread to the eye from another organ are breast cancer and lung cancer. Other less common sites of origin include the prostate, kidney, thyroid, skin, colon and blood or bone marrow.

Types

Tumors in the eye and orbit can be benign like dermoid cysts, or malignant like rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma.

Malignant

The most common eyelid tumor is called basal cell carcinoma. This tumor can grow around the eye but rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Other types of common eyelid cancers include squamous carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The most common orbital malignancy is orbital lymphoma. This tumor can be diagnosed by biopsy with histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Most patients with orbital lymphoma can be offered chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Adults
Children
  • The most common malignant intraocular tumor in children is retinoblastoma, affecting approximately 325 children per year in North America. Early detection has allowed for cures exceeding 95%.[1]
  • The second most common is medulloepithelioma (also called diktyoma) which can occur in the ciliary body and the uvea of the eye.

Benign

Orbital dermoid cysts are benign choristomas which are typically found at the junction of sutures, most commonly at the fronto-zygomatic suture. Large deep orbital dermoid cysts can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of vision.

Signs and symptoms

  • Melanomas (choroidal, ciliary body and uveal) - In the early stages there may be no symptoms (the person does not know there is a tumor until an ophthalmologist or optometrist looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope during a routine test). As the tumor grows, symptoms can be blurred vision, decreased vision, double vision, eventual vision loss and if they continue to grow the tumor can break past the retina causing retinal detachment. Sometimes the tumor can be visible through the pupil.
  • Nevus - Are benign, freckle in the eye. These should be checked out and regular checks on the eye done to ensure it hasn't turned into a melanoma.
  • Iris and conjuctival tumors (melanomas) - Presents as a dark spot. Any spot which continues to grow on the iris and the conjunctiva should be checked out.
  • Retinoblastoma - Strabismus (crossed eyes), a whitish or yellowish glow through the pupil, decreasing/loss of vision, sometimes the eye may be red and painful. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes. This tumor occurs in babies and young children. It is called RB for short. Check photographs, normal healthy eyes would have the red eye reflex, but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease. Any photos of a child/children which have a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex should be checked out.

Treatment

  • Laser therapy
  • Plaque therapy
  • Radiotherapy
  • Enucleation of the Eye - Removal of the eye, but the muscles and eyelids are left intact. An implant is inserted, then the person wears a conformer shield and later the person will have their prosthesis made and fitted (the prosthesis is made by someone called an ocularist and is made to look like their real eye)
  • Evisceration - Removal of the eye contents, leaving the sclera or the white part of the eye.
  • Exenteration - Removal of the eye, all orbital contents, which can involve the eyelids as well. A special prosthesis is made to cover the defect and improve appearance.
  • Iridectomy - Removal of the affected piece of the iris
  • Choroidectomy - Removal of the choroid layer (the vascular tissue sandwiched between the sclera and the retina)
  • Iridocyclectomy - Removal of the iris plus the ciliary body muscle.
  • Eyewall resection - Cutting into the eye to remove a tumor e.g. melanoma. This operation can be quite difficult to perform.
  • Chemotherapy

Classification

Choroidal tumors

Conjunctival tumors

File:Conjunctival carcinoma - 6.jpg
Advanced conjunctival carcinoma protruding through the palpebral fissure.

Ocular oncology

Ocular oncology takes into consideration that the primary requirement for patients is preservation of life by removal of the tumor, along with best efforts directed at preservation of useful vision, followed by cosmetic appearance. The treatment of ocular tumors is generally a multi-specialty effort, requiring coordination between the ophthalmologist, medical oncologist, radiation specialist, head & neck surgeon / ENT surgeon, pediatrician/internal medicine/hospitalist and a multidisciplinary team of support staff and nurses.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kim JW, Abramson DH, Dunkel IJ (2007). "Current management strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma". Drugs. 67 (15): 2173–2185. PMID 17927283.
  2. ↑ "Choroidal Hemangioma - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  3. ↑ "Choroidal Melanoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  4. ↑ "Choroidal Metastasis - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  5. ↑ "Choroidal Nevus - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  6. ↑ "Choroidal Osteoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  7. ↑ "Ciliary Body Melanoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  8. ↑ "The Nevus of Ota - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  9. ↑ "Conjunctival Kaposi's Sarcoma - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  10. ↑ "Epibulbar Dermoid - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  11. ↑ "General Information: Malignant Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  12. ↑ "Lymphoma of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  13. ↑ "Melanoma and PAM with Atypia - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  14. ↑ "Pigmented Conjunctival Tumors - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  15. ↑ "Pingueculum - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  16. ↑ "Pterygium - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  17. ↑ "Squamous Carcinoma and Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Conjunctiva - The Eye Cancer Network". Retrieved 2010-03-10.

External links

Specific types

ar:أورام العين hi:नेत्र सूजन hr:Tumori oka ne:आँखा सुनिंनु no:Øyekreft sh:Tumori oka

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Eye_neoplasm&oldid=652597"