Hypochloremia: Difference between revisions
(/* Causes in alphabetical order Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016 Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Ma...) |
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|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ACTH]]-secreting tumors, [[Adrenal insufficiency]], [[Cushing's syndrome]], [[Diabetic]] [[coma]], [[Hyperaldosteronism]], [[Hyponatremia]], Pseudohyponatremia, [[Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion]] ([[SIADH]]) | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[ACTH]]-secreting tumors, [[Adrenal insufficiency]], [[Cushing's syndrome]], [[Diabetic]] [[coma]], [[Hyperaldosteronism]], [[Hyponatremia]], [[Pseudohyponatremia]], [[Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion]] ([[SIADH]]) | ||
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Revision as of 21:42, 14 July 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Hypochloremia (or Hypochloraemia) is an electrolyte disturbance whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the chloride ion in the blood. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with metabolic alkalosis (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to vomiting. Chloride is a primary anion of the extracellular fluid compartment and aids in maintenance of acid-base balance.
Causes
Common causes
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypochloremia
(By organ system)
| Cardiovascular | Congestive heart failure |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | Excessive sweating |
| Drug Side Effect | Aldosterone, Antacid abuse, Bicarbonate containing medication, Corticosteroids, Corticotropin, Laxatives, Loop diuretics, Thiazide diuretics |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | ACTH-secreting tumors, Adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, Diabetic coma, Hyperaldosteronism, Hyponatremia, Pseudohyponatremia, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Bulimia nervosa, Diarrhea, Gastric suction, Gastrocolic fistula, Gastroesopahgeal reflux disease, Pyloric stenosis, Villous adenoma, Vomiting |
| Genetic | Cystic fibrosis, Bartter's syndrome |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | Excessive saline infusion, Massive blood transfusion, Gastric suction |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Excessive sweating |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | Low sodium diet, Metabolic alkalosis, Milk Alkali syndrome, Overconsumption of licorice |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | ACTH-secreting tumors |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | Bulimia nervosa |
| Pulmonary | Respiratory losses, Hypoventilation |
| Renal / Electrolyte | Hyponatremia, Renal failure, Salt-losing nephritis, Bartter's syndrome |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Burns |
| Urologic | Renal failure |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in alphabetical order [1] [2]
Diagnosis
Laboratory Findings
Normal values of Chloride: 99-111 mEq/L (99-111 mmol/L)
References
External links
Template:Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology
Template:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic pathology