Hypochloremia: Difference between revisions
(/* Causes in alphabetical order Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016 Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Ma...) |
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
'''Hypochloremia''' (or '''Hypochloraemia''') is an [[electrolyte disturbance]] whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the [[chloride]] ion in the [[blood]]. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with [[Alkalosis|metabolic alkalosis]] (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to [[vomiting]]. Chloride is a primary anion of the [[extracellular fluid]] compartment and aids in maintenance of acid-base balance. | '''Hypochloremia''' (or '''Hypochloraemia''') is an [[electrolyte disturbance]] whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the [[chloride]] ion in the [[blood]]. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with [[Alkalosis|metabolic alkalosis]] (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to [[vomiting]]. Chloride is a primary anion of the [[extracellular fluid]] compartment and aids in maintenance of acid-base balance. | ||
It can be associated with [[hypoventilation]].<ref name="pmid3764530">{{cite journal |author=Lavie CJ, Crocker EF, Key KJ, Ferguson TG |title=Marked hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with severe compensatory hypoventilation |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=79 |issue=10 |pages=1296–9 |year=1986 |month=October |pmid=3764530 |doi= 10.1097/00007611-198610000-00025|url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0038-4348&volume=79&issue=10&spage=1296}}</ref> | |||
It can be associated with chronic [[respiratory acidosis]].<ref name="pmid13611033">{{cite journal |author=LEVITIN H, BRANSCOME W, EPSTEIN FH |title=The pathogenesis of hypochloremia in respiratory acidosis |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=37 |issue=12 |pages=1667–75 |year=1958 |month=December |pmid=13611033 |pmc=1062852 |doi=10.1172/JCI103758}}</ref> | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 18:13, 19 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Hypochloremia (or Hypochloraemia) is an electrolyte disturbance whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the chloride ion in the blood. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with metabolic alkalosis (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to vomiting. Chloride is a primary anion of the extracellular fluid compartment and aids in maintenance of acid-base balance.
It can be associated with hypoventilation.[1]
It can be associated with chronic respiratory acidosis.[2]
Causes
Common causes
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypochloremia
(By organ system)
Causes in alphabetical order [3] [4]
Diagnosis
Laboratory Findings
Normal values of Chloride: 99-111 mEq/L (99-111 mmol/L)
References
- ↑ Lavie CJ, Crocker EF, Key KJ, Ferguson TG (1986). "Marked hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis with severe compensatory hypoventilation". South. Med. J. 79 (10): 1296–9. doi:10.1097/00007611-198610000-00025. PMID 3764530. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ LEVITIN H, BRANSCOME W, EPSTEIN FH (1958). "The pathogenesis of hypochloremia in respiratory acidosis". J. Clin. Invest. 37 (12): 1667–75. doi:10.1172/JCI103758. PMC 1062852. PMID 13611033. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
External links
Template:Fluid, electrolyte, acid base metabolic pathology
Template:Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic pathology