Osteoporosis classification scheme: Difference between revisions
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In osteoporosis the [[bone mineral density]] (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-[[collagen]]ous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 [[standard deviation]]s below peak bone mass (20-year-old sex-matched healthy person average) as measured by [[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|DXA]]; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a [[fragility fracture]].<ref name=WHO1994>{{cite journal |author=WHO |title=Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group |journal=World Health Organization technical report series |volume=843|issue= |pages=1–129 |year=1994 |pmid=7941614 |doi=}}</ref> Osteoporosis is most common in women after the [[menopause]], when it is called '''postmenopausal osteoporosis''', but may develop in men and premenopausal women in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]] diseases or as a result of [[tobacco smoking|smoking]] and[[medications]], specifically [[glucocorticoid]]s, when the disease is called '''steroid-''' or '''glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis''' (SIOP or GIOP). | In osteoporosis the [[bone mineral density]] (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-[[collagen]]ous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 [[standard deviation]]s below peak bone mass (20-year-old sex-matched healthy person average) as measured by [[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|DXA]]; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a [[fragility fracture]].<ref name=WHO1994>{{cite journal |author=WHO |title=Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group |journal=World Health Organization technical report series |volume=843|issue= |pages=1–129 |year=1994 |pmid=7941614 |doi=}}</ref> Osteoporosis is most common in women after the [[menopause]], when it is called '''postmenopausal osteoporosis''', but may develop in men and premenopausal women in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]] diseases or as a result of [[tobacco smoking|smoking]] and[[medications]], specifically [[glucocorticoid]]s, when the disease is called '''steroid-''' or '''glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis''' (SIOP or GIOP). | ||
It is also a sign of normal [[aging]], in contrast to [[osteoporosis]] which is present in pathologic aging. | It is also a sign of normal [[aging]], in contrast to [[osteoporosis]] which is present in pathologic aging. | ||
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[[Category:Grammar]] | [[Category:Grammar]] | ||
Revision as of 04:27, 20 July 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Classification
There is a spectrum of disease ranging from osteopenia (milder and earlier bone loss) to osteoporosis (later more severe bone loss).
Osteopenia
Osteopenia which is defined as bone mineral density ranging from less than -1.0 and more than -2.5, can be a precursor condition to osteoporosis.[1]
Osteoporosis
In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old sex-matched healthy person average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture.[2] Osteoporosis is most common in women after the menopause, when it is called postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may develop in men and premenopausal women in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other chronic diseases or as a result of smoking andmedications, specifically glucocorticoids, when the disease is called steroid- or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (SIOP or GIOP). It is also a sign of normal aging, in contrast to osteoporosis which is present in pathologic aging.
References
- ↑ WHO Scientific Group on the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis (2000 : Geneva, Switzerland) (2003). "Prevention and management of osteoporosis : report of a WHO scientific group" (pdf). Retrieved 2007-05-31.
- ↑ WHO (1994). "Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group". World Health Organization technical report series. 843: 1–129. PMID 7941614.