Osteoporosis laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 04:15, 21 July 2012

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.[3]

Overview

Lab tests for the diagnosis of Osteoporosis include some baseline tests like complete blood count (CBC), serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase and 25(OH) vitamin D as well as tests for diagnosing secondary osteoporosis, which include 24 hr serum calcium, serum protein electrophoresis and bone marrow biopsy.

Lab tests

Baseline tests

Complete blood count - in anemia especially sickel cell anemia, multiple myeloma, alcoholism
Serum calcium levels - can reflect underlying disease states (e.g, severe hypercalcemia may reflect underlying malignancy or hyperparathyroidism; hypocalcemia can contribute to osteoporosis)
Serum phosphate and alkaline phosphatase
Serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels
Serum creatinine levels - reflect chronic renal failure which leads to renal osteodystrophy
Serum magnesium levels - important in calcium homeostasis
Serum iron and ferritin levels - for excluding hemochromatosis
Liver function tests (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate amiontransferase, gama-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin) - aids in diagnosing alcoholism
Thyroid function tests

Tests for secondary osteoporosis

24-hr serum calcium

Serum Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels
Testorone and gonadotropin levels - in men
Urine free cortisol levels

Over night dexamethasone suppression test - for Cushing's syndrome

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and Urine protein electrophoresis - for Multiple myeloma

Antigliadin and anti-endomysial antibodies - for Celiac disease

Serum tryptase and urine N-methylhistamine - for identifying Mastocytosis

Bone marrow biopsy - for hematological disorders

References

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@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==Overview==
+Lab tests for the diagnosis of [[Osteoporosis]] include some baseline tests like complete blood count (CBC), serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase and  25(OH) vitamin D as well as tests for diagnosing secondary osteoporosis, which include 24 hr serum calcium, serum protein electrophoresis and bone marrow biopsy.
-The diagnosis of osteoporosis is made on measuring the [[bone mineral density]] (BMD). The most popular method is [[dual energy X-ray absorptiometry]] (DXA or DEXA). In addition to the detection of abnormal BMD, the diagnosis of osteoporosis requires investigations into potentially modifiable underlying causes; this may be done with [[blood test]]s and [[X-ray]]s. Depending on the likelihood of an underlying problem, investigations for [[cancer]] with [[metastasis]] to the bone, [[multiple myeloma]],[[Cushing's disease]] and other above mentioned causes may be performed.
 ==Lab tests==
+===Baseline tests===
+* [[Complete blood count]] - in anemia especially [[sickel cell anemia]], [[multiple myeloma]], [[alcoholism]]
+* Serum [[calcium]] levels - can reflect underlying disease states (e.g, severe [[hypercalcemia]] may reflect underlying [[malignancy]] or [[hyperparathyroidism]]; [[hypocalcemia]] can contribute to osteoporosis)
+* Serum [[phosphate]] and [[alkaline phosphatase]]
+* Serum 25 (OH) [[vitamin D]] levels
+* Serum creatinine levels - reflect chronic renal failure which leads to [[renal osteodystrophy]]
+* Serum [[magnesium]] levels - important in calcium homeostasis
+* Serum iron and ferritin levels - for excluding [[hemochromatosis]]
+* [[Liver function tests]] ([[alanine aminotransferase]], [[aspartate amiontransferase]], [[gama-glutamyl transferase]], [[bilirubin]]) - aids in diagnosing alcoholism
+* [[Thyroid function tests]]
+===Tests for secondary osteoporosis===
+* 24-hr serum calcium
+* Serum [[Parathyroid hormone]] (PTH) levels
+* [[Testorone]] and gonadotropin levels - in men
+* Urine free cortisol levels
+* Over night dexamethasone suppression test - for [[Cushing's syndrome]]
+* [[Serum protein electrophoresis]] (SPEP) and Urine protein electrophoresis - for [[Multiple myeloma]]
+* Antigliadin and anti-endomysial antibodies - for [[Celiac disease]]
+* Serum tryptase and urine N-methylhistamine - for identifying [[Mastocytosis]]
+* [[Bone marrow biopsy]] - for hematological disorders