Osteoporosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
* [[Smoking]] - inhibits the activity of osteoblasts<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wong PK, Christie JJ, Wark JD |title=The effects of smoking on bone health |journal=Clin. Sci. |volume=113 |issue=5|pages=233–41 |year=2007 |pmid=17663660 |doi=10.1042/CS20060173}}</ref> | * [[Smoking]] - inhibits the activity of osteoblasts<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wong PK, Christie JJ, Wark JD |title=The effects of smoking on bone health |journal=Clin. Sci. |volume=113 |issue=5|pages=233–41 |year=2007 |pmid=17663660 |doi=10.1042/CS20060173}}</ref> | ||
* Insufficient physical activity - lack of bone remodelling | * Insufficient physical activity - lack of bone remodelling | ||
* [[Glucocorticoids]] - cause steroid induced osteoporosis | * [[Glucocorticoids]] - cause steroid induced osteoporosis <ref>{{cite book |author=Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain, National Osteoporosis Society, Royal College of Physicians |title=Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis |year=2003 |publisher=Royal College of Physicians of London |location=London, UK |isbn=1-860-16173-1 | url=http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/pubs/contents/966c62dd-8011-4f65-a61d-dd0c7fe4fa4b.pdf }}</ref> | ||
* [[Proton pump inhibitors]] <ref>{{cite journal | author = {{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}ang YX, Lewis JD, Epstein S, Metz DC |title=Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture | journal=JAMA | year=2006 | volume=296 | pages=2947-53 | id=PMID 17190895 }}</ref> | |||
* [[Proton pump inhibitors]] | |||
==Less common risk factors== | ==Less common risk factors== | ||
Revision as of 05:09, 20 July 2012
|
Osteoporosis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Medical Therapy |
|
Case Studies |
|
Osteoporosis risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Osteoporosis risk factors |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Osteoporosis risk factors |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Risk factors for Osteoporosis include both non-modifiable (e.g age, female sex etc.,) and (potentially) modifiable (smoking, alcohol etc.,).
Common risk factors
- Age - common after 50 years age
- Menopause - estrogen deficiency
- Family history of fracture or osteoporosis
- History of fractures at least twice [1]
- Alcohol
- Smoking - inhibits the activity of osteoblasts[2]
- Insufficient physical activity - lack of bone remodelling
- Glucocorticoids - cause steroid induced osteoporosis [3]
- Proton pump inhibitors [4]
Less common risk factors
- Low body mass index - being overweight protects against osteoporosis, either by increasing load or through the hormoneleptin.[5]
- Low calcium and vitamin D intake - calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency from malnutrition
- Excess physical activity - constant damage to bone and amenorrhoea in females
- Heavy metals - Higher cadmium exposure results in osteomalacia (softening of the bone).[6]. Lead exposure also causes Osteoporosis
- Soft drinks - Phosphoric acid may increase for Osteoporosis[7][8]
- Female athlete triad syndrome
References
- ↑ Ojo F, Al Snih S, Ray LA, Raji MA, Markides KS (2007). "History of fractures as predictor of subsequent hip and nonhip fractures among older Mexican Americans". Journal of the National Medical Association. 99 (4): 412–8. PMID 17444431.
- ↑ Wong PK, Christie JJ, Wark JD (2007). "The effects of smoking on bone health". Clin. Sci. 113 (5): 233–41. doi:10.1042/CS20060173. PMID 17663660.
- ↑ Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain, National Osteoporosis Society, Royal College of Physicians (2003). Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis (PDF). London, UK: Royal College of Physicians of London. ISBN 1-860-16173-1.
- ↑ {{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}ang YX, Lewis JD, Epstein S, Metz DC (2006). "Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture". JAMA. 296: 2947–53. PMID 17190895.
- ↑ Shapses SA, Riedt CS (2006). "Bone, body weight, and weight reduction: what are the concerns?". J. Nutr. 136 (6): 1453–6. PMID 16702302.
- ↑ Staessen J, Roels H, Emelianov D, Kuznetsova T, Thijs L, Vangronsveld J, Fagard R (1999). "Environmental exposure to cadmium, forearm bone density, and risk of fractures: prospective population study. Public Health and Environmental Exposure to Cadmium (PheeCad) Study Group". Lancet. 353 (9159): 1140–4. PMID 10209978. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Kiel DP (2006). "Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84 (4): 936–42. PMID 17023723.
- ↑ "Soft drinks in schools". Pediatrics. 113 (1 Pt 1): 152–4. 2004. PMID 14702469.