Weight gain

Weight gain

Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Weight gain is an increase in body weight. It is generally caused by the intake of excess calories, little exercise, or may be caused by a medical condition. One exception is bodybuilding, in which muscle is gained by workout routines. With a large differential diagnosis, weight gain is a prevalent complaint among adult patients.

It may be intentional or unintentional, sometimes for muscle building, or for health reasons, i.e. increasing body fat percentage to a healthy amount. Intentional reasons may include gaining weight to get to a healthy weight, bodybuilding, and recovery for eating disorders like Anorexia Nervousa.

See also obesity for a full discussion.

Symptoms

• A noticibly larger, rounder stomach.
• Increase in body fat percentage.
• Increase in muscle mass.
• Increase in body hydration levels.

Causes

Causes by Organ System

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	Alstrom syndrome, Heart failure
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Hypertrichosis brachydactyly obesity and mental retardation
Drug Side Effect	4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, Aldesleukin , Amiodarone, Amisulpride, Amitriptyline, Anastrozole , Aripiprazole , Asenapine, Atenolol, Azelastine, Bisoprolol , Bosentan , Carteolol , Carvedilol , Chlorpropamide, Chlorprothixene, Ciprofloxacin, Clomiphene , Clomipramine, Clozapine, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Cyclosporine , Cyproheptadine, Cyproterone, Danazol, Desonide, Desoximetasone , Dexamethasone, Diclofenac, Dienogest, Diflunisal , Disopyramide, Docetaxel , Doxazosin , Doxepin, Escitalopram, Estrogen Injection, Ethinylestradiol, Etodolac , Fenoprofen , Fentanyl, Fludrocortisone acetate , Gabapentin, Gestrinone, Glatiramer, Glucocorticoid, Goserelin, Haloperidol, Hormone replacement therapy, Hydralazine , Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydrocortisone, Iloperidone, Imatinib, Imipramine, Implanon, Indomethacin, Insulin, Interferon beta-1a , Interferon beta-1b , Itraconazole, Ketorolac, Ketotifen, Labetalol, Levobunolol, Levomepromazine, Lithium , Lofepramine, Maprotiline, Meclofenamate, Medroxyprogesterone, Mefenamic acid, Megestrol , Meglitinide, Mesoridazine, Methylprednisolone, Metoprolol, Mianserin, Minoxidil, Misoprostol, Nabumetone, Nadolol, Nialamide, Norplant, NuvaRing, Olanzapine, Oprelvekin, Oxandrolone, Oxcarbazepine, Oxymetholone, Paliperidone, Paroxetine, Perphenazine, Phenelzine, Phenothiazine, Pindolol, Pioglitazone, Piroxicam, Pizotifen, Prednisolone, Pregabalin, Progesterone, Propranolol, Quetiapine, Ractopamine, Reserpine, Risperidone, Rituximab, Rofecoxib, Rosiglitazone, Salsalate, Sargramostim, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Sertindole , Sertraline, Sirolimus , St John's wort, Steroid medications, Sulfonylureas, Sulindac, Sunitinib , Temozolomide , Terazosin, Thiazolidinedione, Thioridazine , Thiothixene, Timolol, Trazodone, Trestolone, Tretinoin, Triamcinolone oral, Tricyclic antidepressants, Trifluoperazine, Trifluperidol, Valproic acid, Venlafaxine, Vigabatrin, Ziprasidone, Zotepine
Ear Nose Throat	Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness
Endocrine	Achard-Thiers Syndrome , Acromegaly , Anophthalmia-short stature-obesity, Cushing's syndrome, Diabetes mellitus, Froelich's syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency, HAIR-AN Syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hyperpituitarism , Hyperprolactinemia, Hypothalamic tumor, Hypothyroidism, Laron Syndrome , Low Testosterone levels, Lymphomatous thyroiditis , Mauriac syndrome, Polycystic ovary Syndrome, Prediabetes, Pseudocyesis, Renal tubulopathy-diabetes mellitus-cerebellar ataxia, Riedel's thyroiditis, Sub clinical hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Budd-Chiari syndrome , Cirrhosis of the liver, Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Hepatic veno-occlusive disease-immunodeficiency , Insulinoma
Genetic	1p36 deletion syndrome, Carpenter's syndrome, Cohen Syndrome , Klinefelter syndrome , Macrosomia Obesity Macrocephaly Ocular abnormalities syndrome, Maturity onset diabetes of the young, X-linked mental retardation-short stature-obesity, X linked mental retardation-precocious puberty-obesity, Obesity due to congenital leptin deficiency, partial 9p duplication, Prader-Willi syndrome, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Vasquez Hurst Sotos syndrome , Young Hughes syndrome
Hematologic	Lipedema, Lymphatic obstruction, Milroy's syndrome, Paget-Schroeder syndrome
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Causes include;

Acute or chronic Liver Disease

• Decreased hepatic protein production causes a decrease in intravascular oncotic pressure
• Leads to edema, ascites etc.

Congestive Heart Failure
Cushing's Syndrome

• Cortisol levels may be elevated due to

• Adrenocorticotropic hormones secreting adrenal adenoma
• Adrenal hyperplasia
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting ectopic tumor

Diabetes Mellitus
Hyperplasia

• Due to Hyperthyroidism

Hypothalamic lesions
Growth hormone deficiency
Medication side effects

• Oral contraceptives
• Corticosteroids
• Antidepressants

Premenstrual syndrome
Pregnancy
Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

• Hirsutism
• Irregular menstrual cycle
• Insulin resistance
• Obesity

Laboratory Findings

• fasting glucose
• urinealysis
• U&E
• Random cortisol

Primary Prevention

• Low calorie diet and excercise

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]

List of contributors:

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