Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (patient information)

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
Who is at highest risk?
When to seek urgent medical care?
Diagnosis
Treatment options
Prevention
Where to find medical care for Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome?
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Lambert-Eaton syndrome is a disorder in which faulty communication between nerves and muscles leads to muscle weakness.

What are the symptoms of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome ?

Symptoms may include:

• Weakness or loss of movement that can be more or less severe, including:
  • Difficulty chewing
  • Difficulty climbing stairs
  • Difficulty lifting objects
  • Difficulty talking
  • Drooping head
  • Need to use hands to get up from sitting or lying positions
• Swallowing difficulty, gagging, or choking
• Vision changes such as:
  • Blurry vision
  • Double vision
  • Problems keeping a steady gaze

Symptoms related to the autonomic nervous system usually occur, and include:

• Blood pressure changes
• Dizziness upon standing
• Dry mouth

What causes Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome ?

Lambert-Eaton syndrome occurs when nerves cells do not release enough of a chemical called acetylcholine. This chemical transmits impulses between nerves and muscles.

The result is muscle weakness and other symptoms similar to myasthenia gravis. However, unlike myasthenia gravis, as the muscles continue to contract, acetylcholine can build up in large enough amounts for strength to improve slightly. Instead of the muscle getting quickly weaker as it contracts repeatedly, it gets stronger for a short period of time.

Lambert-Eaton syndrome may occur with cancers such as small cell lung cancer or autoimmune disorders such as vitiligo, which leads to a loss of skin pigment.

Diagnosis

A detailed medical history will be taken to determine risk factors, such as a history of certain cancers.

A physical examination shows:

• Decreased reflexes
• Possible loss of muscle tissue
• Weakness or paralysis that gets slightly better with activity

Tests to help diagnose and confirm the condition may include:

• Electromyography (EMG) to test the health of the muscle fibers
• Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) to test the speed of electrical activity along nerves