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| {{Drugbox
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| | IUPAC_name = ''L''-histidyl-''L''-alanyl-''L''-α-glutamylglycyl-''L''-threonyl-''L''-phenylalanyl-''L''-threonyl-''L''-seryl-''L''-α-aspartyl-''L''-valyl-''L''-seryl-''L''-seryl-''L''-tyrosyl-''L''-leucyl-''L''-α-glutamylglycyl-''L''-glutaminyl-''L''-alanyl-''L''-alanyl-N<sup>6</sup>-[N-(1-oxohexadecyl)-''L''-γ-glutamyl]-''L''-lysyl-''L''-α-glutamyl-''L''-phenylalanyl-''L''-isoleucyl-''L''-alanyl-''L''-tryptophyl-''L''-leucyl-''L''-valyl-''L''-arginylglycyl-''L''-arginyl-glycine
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| | synonyms = Arg<sup>34</sup>Lys<sup>26</sup>-(''N''-ε-(γ-Glu(''N''-α-hexadecanoyl)))-GLP-1[7-37]
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| | image = Liraglutide structure.png
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| | CAS_number = 204656-20-2
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| | CAS_supplemental =
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| | ATC_prefix = A10
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| | ATC_suffix = BX07
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| | ATC_supplemental =
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| | PubChem =
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| | DrugBank =
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| | chemical_formula =
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| | C=172 | H=265 | N=43 | O=51
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| | molecular_weight = 3751.20 g/mol
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| | smiles =
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| | bioavailability = N/A
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| | protein_bound =
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life = 11-15 hours
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| | excretion =
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| | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_category=
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| | legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->
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| | legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
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| | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C -->
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| | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
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| | legal_status =
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| | routes_of_administration = Subcutanous
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| }}
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| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Liraglutide''' or (NN2211) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 ([[GLP-1]]) analog that is being developed by [[Novo Nordisk]] under the brand-name "Victoza" for the treatment of [[type 2 diabetes]]. <ref>http://www.drugs.com/nda/liraglutide_080530.html May 2008</ref> <ref>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/74913.php June 2007</ref> <ref>http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/110349.php June 2008</ref> <ref>http://www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/projects/liraglutide/ </ref> <ref>http://www.novonordisk.com/science/about_rd/quarterly_rd_update.asp Oct 2008 Inc results of LEAD 6 extension</ref>
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| ==Pharmacodynamics==
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| Studies to date suggest liraglutide improves control of [[blood glucose]].<ref name="DJN">http://diabetes.webmd.com/news/20080924/new-diabetes-drug-liraglutide-works Sept 2008</ref>
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| It reduces meal-related [[hyperglycaemia]] (for 12 hours after administration) by increasing [[insulin]] secretion, delaying gastric emptying, and suppressing prandial [[glucagon]] secretion.
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| Liraglutide may have advantages over current therapies:
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| *It acts in a glucose-dependent manner, meaning that it will stimulate insulin secretion only when blood glucose levels are higher than normal. Consequently, it shows negligible risk of [[hypoglycemia]].
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| *It has the potential for inhibiting [[apoptosis]] and stimulating regeneration of [[beta cell]]s (seen in animal studies).
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| *It decreases appetite and maintains body weight, as shown in a head-to-head study versus [[glimepiride]].<ref name="Barclay">http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/581180 "Liraglutide May Be Safe, Effective as First Drug Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes" </ref><ref> http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/1/84 Diabetes Care. Oct 2008</ref>
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| *It lowers blood [[triglyceride]] levels.
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| *It has only mild and transient side effects, mainly gastrointestinal.
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| ==Pharmacokinetics==
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| Liraglutide is a once-daily GLP-1 derivative for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. GLP-1, in its natural form, is short-lived in the body (the half-life after subcutaneous injection is approximately one hour), so it is not very useful as a therapeutic agent. However, liraglutide has a half-life after subcutaneous injection of 11–15 hours, making it suitable for once-daily dosing
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| (in contrast to [[Byetta]]'s twice daily).
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| The prolonged action of liraglutide is achieved by attaching a fatty acid molecule at one position of the GLP-1 molecule, enabling it to bind to [[albumin]] within the subcutaneous tissue and bloodstream. The active GLP-1 is then released from albumin at a slow, consistent rate. Binding with albumin also results in slower degradation and reduced elimination of liraglutide from the circulation by the kidneys compared to GLP-1.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog]]
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| * [[incretin]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Oral hypoglycemics and insulin analogs}}
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| [[Category:Anti-diabetic drugs]]
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| [[Category:Diabetes]]
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| [[Category:Hormones]]
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