Unconsciousness

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: LOC: non responsive; unresponsive; non-responsive; non-responsiveness; unresponsiveness; lack of responsiveness

Overview

Unconsciousness, more appropriately referred to as loss of consciousness or lack of consciousness, is a dramatic alteration of mental state that involves complete or near-complete lack of responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli.

Causes

Common Causes

• Alcohol
• Brownout or greyout, a partial loss of consciousness
• Cardiac arrest
• Coma
• Fainting
• Fatigue
• Hypnotic drugs
• Sedatives
• Stroke
• Syncope
• Traumatic brain injury

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Acute Chemical poisoning -- Varnish makers' and painters' Naptha

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis

Acute kidney failure

Acute Pesticide poisoning -- xylene

Advanced circadian rhythm disorder - reduced alertness

Airway Obstruction

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Alcohol-Induced Disorders

Alcoholic intoxication

Alcoholism - unconsciousness

Altitude sickness, acute

Ambien overdose

Amitriptyline

Amitriptyline toxicity

Amoxapine toxicity

Anemia

Anencephaly - unconsciousness

Anoxia - unconsciousness

Antihypertensive drug allergy

Antipsychotic agents

Apallic syndrome - unresponsive

Arginosuccinic aciduria

Asphyxiation

Aspirin

Atropine

Azotemia, familial - reduced alertness

Baclofen

Baltic myoclonic epilepsy

Barbiturates

Benzodiazepines

Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis - disturbance of consciousness

Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) - disturbance of consciousness

Brain death

Bromazepam

Bupivacaine

Buprenorphine

Buspirone

Cannabinoids

Carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 deficiency disease

Carbon monoxide toxicity

Carbon tetrachloride

Cardiac arrest

Carnitine deficiency (systemic)

Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency

Cataplexy

Chemical poisoning

Chemical poisoning -- 1,1-Dichloroethene

Chemical poisoning -- 1,3-Dinitrobenzene

Chemical poisoning -- 1,4-Dioxane

Chemical poisoning -- 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Chemical poisoning -- 2,4-Dinitrotoluene

Chemical poisoning -- 2-Methyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Chemical poisoning -- 4,4-Methylenebis

Chemical poisoning -- Acetone

Chemical poisoning -- Acetophenone

Chemical poisoning -- Allyl alcohol

Chemical poisoning -- Allyl chloride

Chemical poisoning -- Allyl trichloride

Chemical poisoning -- Aluminum Phosphide

Chemical poisoning -- Amidithion

Chemical poisoning -- Amiton

Chemical poisoning -- Aniline

Chemical poisoning -- Anisidine (o,p-Isomers)

Chemical poisoning -- Antifreeze

Chemical poisoning -- Athyl-Gusathion

Chemical poisoning -- Azinfos-methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Azinfosethyl

Chemical poisoning -- Azinophos-methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Azinphos

Chemical poisoning -- Azinphos-ethyl

Chemical poisoning -- Azinphos-methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Azinphosmetile

Chemical poisoning -- Azothoate

Chemical poisoning -- Benoxafos

Chemical poisoning -- Bromophos

Chemical poisoning -- Bromophos-ethyl

Chemical poisoning -- Cadusafos

Chemical poisoning -- Camphor

Chemical poisoning -- Carbophenothion

Chemical poisoning -- Chlorfenvinphos

Chemical poisoning -- Chlorobenzene

Chemical poisoning -- Chloroform

Chemical poisoning -- Chloropyrifos

Chemical poisoning -- Chlorpyrifos methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Cyanthoate

Chemical poisoning -- Cyclohexanone

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-O

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-O-methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-S-methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Demeton-S-methylsulphon

Chemical poisoning -- Dialifos

Chemical poisoning -- Diazinon

Chemical poisoning -- Dibromochloromethane

Chemical poisoning -- Dichlorvos

Chemical poisoning -- Dicrotophos

Chemical poisoning -- Diethylene Glycol

Chemical poisoning -- Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether

Chemical poisoning -- Dimethoate

Chemical poisoning -- Dimethyl Phthalate

Chemical poisoning -- Dioxathion

Chemical poisoning -- Disulfoton

Chemical poisoning -- Endosulfan

Chemical poisoning -- Endothion

Chemical poisoning -- Ether

Chemical poisoning -- Ethion

Chemical poisoning -- Ethoate-methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Ethoprophos

Chemical poisoning -- Ethyl Mercaptan

Chemical poisoning -- Ethyl-guthion

Chemical poisoning -- Ethylbenzene

Chemical poisoning -- Ethylene Dichloride

Chemical poisoning -- Etrimfos

Chemical poisoning -- Fenchlorphos

Chemical poisoning -- Fenitrothion

Chemical poisoning -- Fensulfothion

Chemical poisoning -- Fenthion

Chemical poisoning -- Fonophos

Chemical poisoning -- Formothion

Chemical poisoning -- Guthion (ethyl)

Chemical poisoning -- Heptenophos

Chemical poisoning -- Hexane

Chemical poisoning -- High Melting Explosive (HMX)

Chemical poisoning -- Hydrazine

Chemical poisoning -- Hydrogen Sulfide

Chemical poisoning -- Iodofenphos

Chemical poisoning -- Isopropyl Alcohol

Chemical poisoning -- Jet Fuel-4

Chemical poisoning -- Jet Fuel-8

Chemical poisoning -- Jewelry cleaner

Chemical poisoning -- Lacquer

Chemical poisoning -- Lighter fluid

Chemical poisoning -- m-Anisidine

Chemical poisoning -- Malathion

Chemical poisoning -- Mecarbam

Chemical poisoning -- Metal cleaner

Chemical poisoning -- Metal polish

Chemical poisoning -- Methacrifos

Chemical poisoning -- Methamidophos

Chemical poisoning -- Methane

Chemical poisoning -- Methidathion

Chemical poisoning -- Methiocarb

Chemical poisoning -- Methomyl

Chemical poisoning -- Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Chemical poisoning -- Methyl Mercaptan

Chemical poisoning -- Methyl parathion

Chemical poisoning -- Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether

Chemical poisoning -- Methylene Chloride

Chemical poisoning -- Metiltriazotion

Chemical poisoning -- Mevinphos

Chemical poisoning -- Monocrotophos

Chemical poisoning -- N,N-Dimethyl-P-Toluidine

Chemical poisoning -- Naphthalene

Chemical poisoning -- Nitroethane

Chemical poisoning -- Nitromethane

Chemical poisoning -- Nitrophenol

Chemical poisoning -- Nitrophenol Urea

Chemical poisoning -- Nitrous Oxide

Chemical poisoning -- o-Anisidine

Chemical poisoning -- Oil-based paint

Chemical poisoning -- Omethoate

Chemical poisoning -- Oxydeprofos

Chemical poisoning -- Oxydisulfoton

Chemical poisoning -- p-Anisidine

Chemical poisoning -- Parathion

Chemical poisoning -- Parathion Methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Pentaborane

Chemical poisoning -- Pentachlorophenol

Chemical poisoning -- Phenkapton

Chemical poisoning -- Phorate

Chemical poisoning -- Phosalone

Chemical poisoning -- Phosdrin

Chemical poisoning -- Phosmet

Chemical poisoning -- Phosphamidon

Chemical poisoning -- Phosphine

Chemical poisoning -- Phoxim

Chemical poisoning -- Pine Oil

Chemical poisoning -- Pirimiphos-methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Primiphos methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Profenofos

Chemical poisoning -- Propoxur

Chemical poisoning -- Propylene Glycol Dinitrate

Chemical poisoning -- Prothidathion

Chemical poisoning -- Prothoate

Chemical poisoning -- Pyridine

Chemical poisoning -- Pyrimitate

Chemical poisoning -- Quinalphos

Chemical poisoning -- Quintiofos

Chemical poisoning -- RDX

Chemical poisoning -- Sodium Azide

Chemical poisoning -- Sodium Hypochlorite

Chemical poisoning -- Sophamide

Chemical poisoning -- Stoddard Solvent

Chemical poisoning -- Sulfotep

Chemical poisoning -- Terbufos

Chemical poisoning -- Tetrachloroethylene

Chemical poisoning -- Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate

Chemical poisoning -- Tetrahydrofuran

Chemical poisoning -- Thiometon

Chemical poisoning -- Tolclofos methyl

Chemical poisoning -- Triazophos

Chemical poisoning -- Triazotion

Chemical poisoning -- Trichlorfon

Chemical poisoning -- Trichloroethane

Chemical poisoning -- Trifenfos

Chemical poisoning -- Vamidothion

Chemical poisoning -- Vinyl Choride

Chemical poisoning -- Window cleaner

Chemical poisoning -- Zinc Phosphide

Chlophedianol

Chloral hydrate

Chlorpheniramine

Chlorpromazine

Cinnarizine

Cirrhosis of the liver - unresponsiveness

Claviceps purpurea poisoning

Clomipramine Toxicity

Clonazepam

Clotiapine

Cocaine

Cocaine overdose

Codeine

Concussion - unconsciousness

Cone shell poisoning

Cyanides

Cyclobenzaprine

Cycloserine

Dantrolene

Decompression sickness

Decreased level of consciousness - reduced alertness

Decreased LOC - reduced alertness

Demerol overdose

Demethyldiazepam

Deserpidine

Desipramine

Desipramine toxicity

Diabetic hypoglycemic attack

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diamorphine

Diazepam

Dichloralphenazone

Dilaudid overdose

Diphenhydramine

Diphenidol

Dothiepin

Doxepin toxicity

Drug Allergies

Drug overdose

Earthball poisoning

Efavirenz

Electric shock

Electrical burns

Encephalitis - poor responsiveness

Epidural haemorrhage

Eszopiclone

Ethchlorvynol

Ethinamate

Fainting

Fat embolism

Febrile convulsions

Firearm Injury

Fits

Flurazepam

Fluridrazepam

Focal seizure - unconsciousness

Focal seizures

Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency, hereditary

Fumarase deficiency

Gabapentin

Gamma hydroxybutyrate

Ganaxolone

General anaesthesia

Glutethimide

Grand mal seizure

Haloperidol

Heat stroke - unconsciousness

Hepatic failure

Hydrocodone overdose

Hydroxyzine

Hyperbaric sickness

Hypermagnesaemia

Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma

Hypoglycaemia

Hypothermia

Hypothyroidism

Imipramine toxicity

Inhalational anaesthetics

Insect allergy

Intracranial abscess / granuloma

Intracranial Embolism

Intracranial haemorrhage

Intracranial Hemorrhages

Iron compounds

Lead poisoning

Levetiracetam

Levomepromazine

Lidocaine

Local anaesthetic allergy

Lofexidine

Long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

Lorazepam

Malaria

Malaria (malignant tertian)

Medazepam

Mediterranean myoclonic epilepsy

Melatonin

Meningitis - reduced alertness

Meningococcal disease - alertness changes

Meningoencephalitis

Mephenoxalone

Meprobamate

Methadone

Methaqualone

Methyldopa

Methyldopate

Methyprylon

Metoclopramide

Mianserin

Microcephaly brain defect spasticity hypernatremia - unresponsiveness

Midazolam

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mirtazapine

Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency

Morphine allergy

Myoclonus progressive epilepsy of Unverricht and Lundborg

Nabilone

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy 1 - reduced alertness

Narcolepsy 2 - reduced alertness

Narcolepsy 3 - reduced alertness

Narcolepsy 4 - reduced alertness

Narcolepsy 5 - reduced alertness

Near-drowning

Nitrazepam

Nitrous oxide

Nortriptyline

Nortriptyline toxicity

Novacaine drug allergy

Olanzapine

Organic solvent

Oxazepam

Oxycontin overdose

Partial seizure

Penicillin allergy

Perazine

Persistent Vegetative State - lack of response

Phencyclidine

Phenelzine

Phenobarbital

Pipothiazine

Pituitary apoplexy

Pizotifen

Poison hemlock

Pramipexole

Prazepam

Pregabalin

Primidone

Problem Sleepiness - slow response

Prochlorperazine

Propiomazine

Propofol

Protriptyline toxicity

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula

Quetiapine

Rabies

Raised intracranial pressure

Ramelteon

Renal failure, acute

Renal failure, chronic

Reserpine

Respiratory failure

Ritalin overdose

Secondarily generalized seizure

Selenium poisoning

Shock

Shock, anaphylactic

Shock, Cardiogenic

Shock, Distributive

Shock, Endocrine

Shock, Hemorrhagic

Shock, Hypovolaemic

Shock, Neurogenic

Shock, Obstructive

Shock, Septic - unconsciousness

Shock, Traumatic

Skull fracture

Sleep dept - reduced alertness

Sleeping sickness (East African)

Sleeping sickness (West African)

Spinal cord injury, acute

Stroke - disturbance of consciousness

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Subdural haemorrhage

Sulfa antibiotics allergy

Syncope

Temazepam

Tetrahydrocannabinol

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency

Thiopentone

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Tizanidine

Toluene

Topiramate

Triclofos

Tricyclic antidepressants

Trifluperidol

Trimipramine toxicity

Ultram overdose

Unconsciousness - unresponsiveness

Unverricht-Lundborg disease

Unverricht-Lundborg syndrome

Ureterosigmoidostomy

Variceal Bleeding

Ventricular fibrillation

Vicodin overdose - unresponsiveness

Vigabatrin

Viral meningitis - reduced alertness

Water hemlock poisoning

Xanax overdose

Zaleplon

Ziconotide

Zolpidem

Zopiclone

Differentiating Loss of Consciousness from other Disorders

• Loss of consciousness should not be confused with the notion of the psychoanalytic unconscious or cognitive processes (e.g., implicit cognition) that take place outside of awareness. Loss of consciousness must not be confused with altered states of consciousness, such as delirium (when the person is confused and only partially responsive to the environment), normal sleep, hypnosis, and other altered states in which the person responds to stimuli.

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