Bronchospasm: Difference between revisions
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===Associated Conditions=== | ===Associated Conditions=== | ||
and as a possible side-effect of the drug [[Pilocarpine]] (which is used to treat illness resulting from the ingestion of deadly nightshade as well as other things) and also as a side effect for It can present as a sign of . | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
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*[[Asthma]] | *[[Asthma]] | ||
*[[Beta-blockers]] | *[[Beta-blockers]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Bronchitis]] | ||
*Cold air <ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/02673030050009258 |title=Housing Deprivation and Health: A Longitudinal Analysis |year=2000 |last1=Marsh |first1=Alex |last2=Gordon |first2=David |last3=Heslop |first3=Pauline |last4=Pantazis |first4=Christina |journal=Housing Studies |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=411}}</ref> | |||
*[[COPD]] | *[[COPD]] | ||
*[[Decongestants]] | *[[Decongestants]] | ||
*[[Endotracheal tube]] placement | |||
*[[LRTI]] | *[[LRTI]] | ||
*[[URTI]] | *[[URTI]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pfiesteria piscicida ]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Schistosomiasis]], [[Pulmonary eosinophilia]], [[Pulmonary strongyloidiasis]], [[Viral illness]], [[Visceral larva migrans]], [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Bronchiolitis]], [[LRTI]], [[URTI]] | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pfiesteria piscicida ]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Schistosomiasis]], [[Pulmonary eosinophilia]], [[Pulmonary strongyloidiasis]], [[Viral illness]], [[Visceral larva migrans]], [[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Bronchiolitis]], [[LRTI]], [[URTI]], [[Giardiasis]] | ||
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
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*[[Formothion]] | *[[Formothion]] | ||
*[[Furathiocarb]] | *[[Furathiocarb]] | ||
*[[Giardiasis]] | |||
*[[Gonionemus poisoning]] | *[[Gonionemus poisoning]] | ||
*[[Guthion (ethyl)]] | *[[Guthion (ethyl)]] | ||
Revision as of 11:55, 19 August 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S.; Areej Tariq
Overview
Bronchospasm is a difficulty in breathing caused by a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.
Pathophysiology
It is caused by the release (degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. The overactivity of the bronchioles' muscle is a result of exposure to a stimulus which under normal circumstances would cause little or no response. The resulting constriction and inflammation causes a narrowing of the airways and an increase in mucus production; this reduces the amount of oxygen that is available to the individual causing breathlessness, coughing and hypoxia.
Associated Conditions
and as a possible side-effect of the drug Pilocarpine (which is used to treat illness resulting from the ingestion of deadly nightshade as well as other things) and also as a side effect for It can present as a sign of .
Causes
Common Causes
- Allergens such as eggs, milk, peanuts, walnuts, tree and other nuts, fish, especially shellfish, soy and wheat; insect bites and stings, especially bee stings; and other medicines, especially penicillin and its derivatives.
- Anaphylaxis
- Asthma
- Beta-blockers
- Bronchitis
- Cold air [1]
- COPD
- Decongestants
- Endotracheal tube placement
- LRTI
- URTI
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Treatment
Pharmacotherapy
Beta 2 agonists
Beta 2 adrenergic agonists are recommended for bronchospasm.
- Short acting (SABA)
- Long acting (LABA)
- Others
Muscarinic Acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Since the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, is known to decrease sympathetic response by slowing the heart rate and constricting the smooth muscle tissue; ongoing research and successful clinical trials have shown that agents such as diphenhydramine, atropine and Ipratropium bromide is known to be effective for treating asthma and COPD-related symptoms.
References
- ↑ Marsh, Alex; Gordon, David; Heslop, Pauline; Pantazis, Christina (2000). "Housing Deprivation and Health: A Longitudinal Analysis". Housing Studies. 15 (3): 411. doi:10.1080/02673030050009258.