Nadolol detailed information

Nadolol detailed information

Clinical data
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of administration	Oral
ATC code	C07AA12 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	30%
Metabolism	Nil
Elimination half-life	14-24 hours
Excretion	Renal and fecal (unchanged)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (2R,3S)5-[2-hydroxy-3-(tert-butylamino)-propoxy] tetralin-2,3-diol
CAS Number	42200-33-9
PubChem CID	39147
DrugBank	APRD00301
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C17H27NO4
Molar mass	309.401 g/mol

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Nadolol (Corgard) is a non-selective beta-blocker used in the treatment of high blood pressure, migraine headaches, and chest pain.

Chemistry and pharmacokinetics

Nadolol is nonpolar and hydrophobic, with low lipid solubility.

Mechanism of action

Nadol is a beta-specific sympatholytic which non-selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors which are mainly located in the heart, inhibiting the effects of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine and decreasing heart rate and blood pressure. It also blocks beta-2 adrenergic receptors which are located in bronchial smooth muscle, causing vasoconstriction. By binding beta-2 receptors in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, nadolol inhibits the production of renin, thereby inhibiting angiotensin II and aldosterone production. Nadolol therefore inhibits the vasoconstriction and water retention due to angiotensin II and aldosterone, respectively.

The drug impairs AV node conduction and decreases sinus rate.

Nadolol may also increase plasma triglycerides and decrease HDL-cholesterol levels.

Indications

Nadolol is indicated for treatment of moderate hypertension and chest pain. In patients with severe hypertension, nadolol can also treat reflex tachycardia due to treatment with vasodilators.

Off-Label Uses

A recent study found that, in certain adults with ADHD that had not responded to traditional therapies, or were unable to tolerate them, the addition of nadolol saw increase in attention and focusing capacities, along with a decrease in anxiety, impulsiveness, and somatic discomfort. [[2]]

Contraindications

Patients whose heart rate is largely mediated by the sympathetic nervous system (e.g. patients with congestive heart failure or myocardial infarct) should avoid nadolol as it inhibits sympathetic function. Nadolol is also contraindicated in patients with bradycardia (slow heart rate) because of its vasodilatory effects and tendency to cause bradycardia.

Because of its beta-2 activity, nadolol causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and should be avoided in asthma patients in preference of a beta-1 blocker.

As nadolol, like other beta-2 blockers, inhibits the release of insulin in response to hypoglycemia, it slows patients' recovery from acute hypoglycemic episodes and should be avoided in some patients with diabetes mellitus. In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, a selective beta-1 blocker is preferred over non-selective blockers.

Side effects

• Bradycardia
• Fatigue
• Bronchospasms

See also

• Renin-angiotensin system
• Anti-hypertensive
• Cardiology

External links

• Nadolol, from the University of Utah School of Medicine

References

^ Buice RG, Subramanian VS, Duchin KL, Uko-Nne S. (1996). "Bioequivalence of a highly variable drug: an experience with nadolol". Pharmaceutical Research. 13 (7): 1109–15.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

^