Tobramycin: Difference between revisions
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{{ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Tobramycin}} | |||
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| | ==Overview== | ||
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| | ==Category== | ||
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| | ==US Brand Names== | ||
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| | ==FDA Package Insert== | ||
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| | ''' [[Tobramycin description|Description]]''' | ||
| | '''| [[Tobramycin clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]''' | ||
| | '''| [[Tobramycin microbiology|Microbiology]]''' | ||
'''| [[Tobramycin indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]''' | |||
'''| [[Tobramycin contraindications|Contraindications]]''' | |||
| | '''| [[Tobramycin warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]''' | ||
'''| [[Tobramycin adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]''' | |||
'''| [[Tobramycin drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]''' | |||
'''| [[Tobramycin overdosage|Overdosage]]''' | |||
'''| [[Tobramycin clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]''' | |||
'''| [[Tobramycin dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]''' | |||
'''| [[Tobramycin how supplied|How Supplied]]''' | |||
'''| [[Tobramycin labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]''' | |||
==Mechanism of Action== | |||
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For these reasons, when tobramycin is given [[parenteral]]ly, it is usually dosed by [[body weight]]. Various formulae exist for calculating tobramycin dosage. Also serum levels of tobramycin are monitored during treatment. | For these reasons, when tobramycin is given [[parenteral]]ly, it is usually dosed by [[body weight]]. Various formulae exist for calculating tobramycin dosage. Also serum levels of tobramycin are monitored during treatment. | ||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Antibiotics]] | |||
[[Category:Wikinfect]] | |||
Revision as of 18:15, 6 January 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Category
US Brand Names
FDA Package Insert
Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Microbiology | Indications and Usage | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Overdosage | Clinical Studies | Dosage and Administration | How Supplied | Labels and Packages
Mechanism of Action
Tobramycin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections.
Mechanism of action
Tobramycin works by binding to a site on the bacterial 30S and 50S ribosome, preventing formation of the 70S complex. As a result, mRNA cannot be translated into protein and cell death ensues.
Administration
Like all aminoglycosides, tobramycin does not pass the gastro-intestinal tract, so for systemic use it can only be given intravenously or intramuscularly. This formulation for injection is branded Nebcin®. Patients with cystic fibrosis will often take an inhalational form (Tobi®) for suppression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Tobramycin is also combined with dexamethasone as an ophthalmic solution (TobraDex®).
Bausch & Lomb Pharmaceuticals, Inc. makes a sterile Tobramycin Ophthalmic Solution (eye-drops) with a tobramycin concentration of 0.3%, which is available by prescription only in the United States and Canada. (In some countries, such as Italy, it is available over the counter.) It is mixed with 0.01% benzalkonium chloride as a preservative. These concentrations result in 3 mg per ml and 0.1 mg per ml, respectively.
Side effects
Like other aminoglycosides, tobramycin can cause deafness or a loss of equilibrioception (vertigo) in genetically susceptible individuals. These individuals have a normally harmless mutation in their DNA, that allows the tobramycin to affect their cells. The cells of the ear are particularly sensitive to this.
Tobramycin can also be highly toxic to the kidneys, particularly if multiple doses accumulate over a course of treatment.
For these reasons, when tobramycin is given parenterally, it is usually dosed by body weight. Various formulae exist for calculating tobramycin dosage. Also serum levels of tobramycin are monitored during treatment.