Gonorrhea natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Gonorrhea}} | {{Gonorrhea}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
==Natural history, complications, and prognosis== | ==Natural history, complications, and prognosis== | ||
===Natural History=== | |||
* In men, inflammation of the epididymis ([[epididymitis]]), prostate gland ([[prostatitis]]) and urethral structure (urethritis) can result from untreated gonorrhea. | * In men, inflammation of the epididymis ([[epididymitis]]), prostate gland ([[prostatitis]]) and urethral structure (urethritis) can result from untreated gonorrhea. | ||
* In women, untreated gonorrhea can result in [[cyst]] and [[abscess]] formation in one or more of the [[greater vestibular gland]]s ([[bartholinitis]]), causing trouble walking; PID; and [[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome]]. | * In women, untreated gonorrhea can result in [[cyst]] and [[abscess]] formation in one or more of the [[greater vestibular gland]]s ([[bartholinitis]]), causing trouble walking; PID; and [[Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome]]. | ||
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* When joints become involved, gonococcal arthritis can develop. Gonococcal arthritis occurs after primary infection of the genitalia, anus, or throat. This occurs in about 1% of patients who are infected with gonorrhea and is more common in women than men. | * When joints become involved, gonococcal arthritis can develop. Gonococcal arthritis occurs after primary infection of the genitalia, anus, or throat. This occurs in about 1% of patients who are infected with gonorrhea and is more common in women than men. | ||
* Typical symptoms include a 5–7 day history of fever, shaking, chills, multiple skin lesions, fleeting migratory [[arthralgia|polyarthralgias]] and [[tenosynovitis]] in fingers, wrists, toes or ankles. This should be evaluated promptly with a culture of the [[synovial fluid]], blood, cervix, urethra, rectum, skin lesion fluid, or pharynx. | * Typical symptoms include a 5–7 day history of fever, shaking, chills, multiple skin lesions, fleeting migratory [[arthralgia|polyarthralgias]] and [[tenosynovitis]] in fingers, wrists, toes or ankles. This should be evaluated promptly with a culture of the [[synovial fluid]], blood, cervix, urethra, rectum, skin lesion fluid, or pharynx. | ||
==Possible complications== | ===Possible complications=== | ||
[[Complications]] in women may include: | [[Complications]] in women may include: | ||
*[[Salpingitis]] ([[scarring]] of the [[fallopian tubes]]), which can lead to problems getting [[pregnant]] or [[ectopic pregnancy]] | *[[Salpingitis]] ([[scarring]] of the [[fallopian tubes]]), which can lead to problems getting [[pregnant]] or [[ectopic pregnancy]] | ||
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*Painful [[intercourse]] ([[dyspareunia]]) | *Painful [[intercourse]] ([[dyspareunia]]) | ||
*[[Pregnant]] women with severe [[gonorrhea]] may pass the [[disease]] to their baby while in the [[womb]] or during delivery | *[[Pregnant]] women with severe [[gonorrhea]] may pass the [[disease]] to their baby while in the [[womb]] or during delivery | ||
[[Complications]] in men may include: | [[Complications]] in men may include: | ||
*[[Scarring]] or narrowing of the [[urethra]], the tube that carries [[urine]] out of the body | *[[Scarring]] or narrowing of the [[urethra]], the tube that carries [[urine]] out of the body | ||
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*[[Urinary tract infection]] | *[[Urinary tract infection]] | ||
*[[Kidney failure]] | *[[Kidney failure]] | ||
[[Complications]] in both men and women may include: | [[Complications]] in both men and women may include: | ||
*Disseminated [[infection]], which can be very serious | *Disseminated [[infection]], which can be very serious | ||
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*[[Heart valve]] [[infection]] | *[[Heart valve]] [[infection]] | ||
*[[Meningitis]] | *[[Meningitis]] | ||
===Prognosis=== | |||
* The underlying gonorrhea should be treated; if this is done, then usually a good prognosis will follow | |||
* A gonorrhea infection that has not spread to the bloodstream or other areas almost always can be cured with antibiotics. Gonorrhea that has spread is a more serious infection but almost always gets better with treatment | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{ | [[Category:Sexually transmitted infections|Gonorrhea]] | ||
{{ | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | |||
[[Category:Primary care]] | |||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | |||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
Revision as of 14:06, 10 May 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Natural history, complications, and prognosis
Natural History
- In men, inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis), prostate gland (prostatitis) and urethral structure (urethritis) can result from untreated gonorrhea.
- In women, untreated gonorrhea can result in cyst and abscess formation in one or more of the greater vestibular glands (bartholinitis), causing trouble walking; PID; and Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome.
- The most common result of untreated gonorrhea is pelvic inflammatory disease, a serious infection of the female reproductive tract.
- PID causes scarring of the fallopian tubes which leads to increased risks of causing an ectopic pregnancy as a fertilized egg may not be able to pass through the narrowed, scarred fallopian tube. Ectopic pregnancies are serious conditions which are potentially life-threatening to the mother.
- In both sexes, disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) can occur, leading to multiple distant sites of infection which can include the brain, heart and joints.
- When joints become involved, gonococcal arthritis can develop. Gonococcal arthritis occurs after primary infection of the genitalia, anus, or throat. This occurs in about 1% of patients who are infected with gonorrhea and is more common in women than men.
- Typical symptoms include a 5–7 day history of fever, shaking, chills, multiple skin lesions, fleeting migratory polyarthralgias and tenosynovitis in fingers, wrists, toes or ankles. This should be evaluated promptly with a culture of the synovial fluid, blood, cervix, urethra, rectum, skin lesion fluid, or pharynx.
Possible complications
Complications in women may include:
- Salpingitis (scarring of the fallopian tubes), which can lead to problems getting pregnant or ectopic pregnancy
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Sterility (inability to become pregnant)
- Painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Pregnant women with severe gonorrhea may pass the disease to their baby while in the womb or during delivery
Complications in men may include:
- Scarring or narrowing of the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body
- Abscess (collection of pus around the urethra)
- Urination problems
- Urinary tract infection
- Kidney failure
Complications in both men and women may include:
- Disseminated infection, which can be very serious
- Long-term joint pain, if the infection is left untreated
- Heart valve infection
- Meningitis
Prognosis
- The underlying gonorrhea should be treated; if this is done, then usually a good prognosis will follow
- A gonorrhea infection that has not spread to the bloodstream or other areas almost always can be cured with antibiotics. Gonorrhea that has spread is a more serious infection but almost always gets better with treatment