Adrenal hemorrhage epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
==Epidemiology== | |||
''Meningococcus'' is another term for the [[bacteria]]l species ''[[Neisseria meningitidis]]'', which causes the type of [[meningitis]] which usually underlies this syndrome. Meningococcal meningitis occurs most commonly in children and young adults, and can occur in epidemics. In the United States it is the cause of about 20% of meningitis cases. At one time it was common among military recruits, but administration of the preventive meningococcal vaccine has greatly reduced this number. Freshman college students living in dormitory housing who have not been vaccinated are another risk group. | |||
WFS can also be caused by ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' infections, a common bacterial pathogen typically associated with [[meningitis]] in the adult and elderly population.<ref name=Robbins_2005 /> ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' has recently also been implicated in [[Pediatrics|pediatric]] WFS.<ref name=Adem_2005>{{cite journal |author=Adem P, Montgomery C, Husain A, Koogler T, Arangelovich V, Humilier M, Boyle-Vavra S, Daum R |title=Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in children |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=353 |issue=12 |pages=1245-51 |year=2005 |id=PMID 16177250}}</ref> | |||
Routine vaccination against [[meningococcus]] is recommended for people who have poor [[spleen|splenic]] function (who, for example, have had their spleen [[splenectomy|removed]] or who have [[Sickle-cell disease|sickle-cell anemia]] which damages the spleen), or who have certain immune disorders, such as [[Complement system|complement]] deficiency.<ref name=Rosa_2004>{{cite journal |author=Rosa D, Pasqualotto A, de Quadros M, Prezzi S |title=Deficiency of the eighth component of complement associated with recurrent meningococcal meningitis--case report and literature review |journal=Braz J Infect Dis |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=328-30 |year=2004 |id=PMID 15565265}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Epidemiology
Meningococcus is another term for the bacterial species Neisseria meningitidis, which causes the type of meningitis which usually underlies this syndrome. Meningococcal meningitis occurs most commonly in children and young adults, and can occur in epidemics. In the United States it is the cause of about 20% of meningitis cases. At one time it was common among military recruits, but administration of the preventive meningococcal vaccine has greatly reduced this number. Freshman college students living in dormitory housing who have not been vaccinated are another risk group.
WFS can also be caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, a common bacterial pathogen typically associated with meningitis in the adult and elderly population.[1] Staphylococcus aureus has recently also been implicated in pediatric WFS.[2]
Routine vaccination against meningococcus is recommended for people who have poor splenic function (who, for example, have had their spleen removed or who have sickle-cell anemia which damages the spleen), or who have certain immune disorders, such as complement deficiency.[3]
References
- ↑ Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedRobbins_2005 - ↑ Adem P, Montgomery C, Husain A, Koogler T, Arangelovich V, Humilier M, Boyle-Vavra S, Daum R (2005). "Staphylococcus aureus sepsis and the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in children". N Engl J Med. 353 (12): 1245–51. PMID 16177250.
- ↑ Rosa D, Pasqualotto A, de Quadros M, Prezzi S (2004). "Deficiency of the eighth component of complement associated with recurrent meningococcal meningitis--case report and literature review". Braz J Infect Dis. 8 (4): 328–30. PMID 15565265.