Bell's palsy causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Bell's palsy}} | {{Bell's palsy}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
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'''Infectious causes ''' | '''Infectious causes ''' | ||
:*Herpes simplex virus activation is the most likely cause of Bell's Palsy. | :*[[Herpes simplex virus]] activation is the most likely cause of Bell's Palsy. | ||
:*Herpes Zoster may be the second most common viral infection. | :*[[Herpes Zoster]] may be the second most common viral infection. | ||
:*Cytomegalovirus | :*[[Cytomegalovirus]] | ||
:*Epstein Barr virus | :*[[Epstein Barr virus]] | ||
:*Adenovirus | :*[[Adenovirus]] | ||
:*Rubella virus | :*[[Rubella]] virus | ||
:*Mumps | :*[[Mumps]] | ||
:*Influenza B | :*[[Influenza B]] | ||
:* | :*[[Coxsackie]] virus | ||
:*Rickettsial infection | :*Rickettsial infection | ||
:*Ehrlichiosis | :*[[Ehrlichiosis]] | ||
:*Borrelia burdopheri | :*Borrelia burdopheri | ||
:*HIV | :*[[HIV]] | ||
'''Non-infectious causes''' | '''Non-infectious causes''' | ||
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:*Several cases of Bell' Palsy were linked to an inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine in Switzerland | :*Several cases of Bell' Palsy were linked to an inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine in Switzerland | ||
:*Genetic predisposition may be likely | :*Genetic predisposition may be likely | ||
:*Ischemia of the facial nerve | :*[[Ischemia]] of the facial nerve | ||
:*Tumors and compression of the facial nerve | :*Tumors and compression of the facial nerve | ||
:*Temporal bone fracture | :*Temporal bone fracture | ||
:*Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | :*Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ([[SLE]]) | ||
:*Sarcoidosis | :*[[Sarcoidosis]] | ||
===Lyme Disease=== | ===Lyme Disease=== | ||
:*Facial nerve palsy is the most common cranial neuropathy associated with Lyme meningitis. | :*Facial nerve palsy is the most common cranial [[neuropathy]] associated with Lyme meningitis. | ||
:*Screening for antibodies to B.burgdorferi not recommended among patients with seventh nerve palsy with no additional manifestations of Lyme disease. | :*Screening for antibodies to B.burgdorferi not recommended among patients with seventh nerve palsy with no additional manifestations of Lyme disease. | ||
:*Findings suggestive of possible Lyme disease include the development of facial palsy in a young patient, heart block, arthritis, vertigo, and hearing loss. | :*Findings suggestive of possible [[Lyme disease]] include the development of facial palsy in a young patient, heart block, arthritis, vertigo, and hearing loss. | ||
===HIV=== | ===HIV=== | ||
:*HIV infection rarely causes facial palsy. | :*HIV infection rarely causes facial palsy. | ||
:*Onset at the time of sero-conversion when a CSF lymphocytosis is usually present. | :*Onset at the time of sero-conversion when a [[CSF]] lymphocytosis is usually present. | ||
:*In the later stages when cellular immunity wanes, the facial palsy is typically due to another infection such as Zoster, chronic demyelinating polyradiculopathy, or meningeal lymphomatosis. | :*In the later stages when cellular immunity wanes, the facial palsy is typically due to another infection such as Zoster, chronic demyelinating polyradiculopathy, or meningeal [[lymphomatosis]]. | ||
===Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome=== | ===Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome=== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | |||
[[Category:Otolaryngology]] | |||
[[Category: Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Needs content]] | |||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | |||
[[Category:Needs causes]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 17:25, 30 November 2012
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Bell's palsy Microchapters |
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Bell's palsy causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Bell's palsy causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Causes
Many cases are likely due to Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) reactivation
Infectious causes
- Herpes simplex virus activation is the most likely cause of Bell's Palsy.
- Herpes Zoster may be the second most common viral infection.
- Cytomegalovirus
- Epstein Barr virus
- Adenovirus
- Rubella virus
- Mumps
- Influenza B
- Coxsackie virus
- Rickettsial infection
- Ehrlichiosis
- Borrelia burdopheri
- HIV
Non-infectious causes
- Several cases of Bell' Palsy were linked to an inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine in Switzerland
- Genetic predisposition may be likely
- Ischemia of the facial nerve
- Tumors and compression of the facial nerve
- Temporal bone fracture
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Sarcoidosis
Lyme Disease
- Facial nerve palsy is the most common cranial neuropathy associated with Lyme meningitis.
- Screening for antibodies to B.burgdorferi not recommended among patients with seventh nerve palsy with no additional manifestations of Lyme disease.
- Findings suggestive of possible Lyme disease include the development of facial palsy in a young patient, heart block, arthritis, vertigo, and hearing loss.
HIV
- HIV infection rarely causes facial palsy.
- Onset at the time of sero-conversion when a CSF lymphocytosis is usually present.
- In the later stages when cellular immunity wanes, the facial palsy is typically due to another infection such as Zoster, chronic demyelinating polyradiculopathy, or meningeal lymphomatosis.
Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome
- Facial paralysis, episodic facial swelling, and a fissured tongue, typically beginning in adolescence, with recurrent episodes of facial palsy.
- Incomplete forms of this syndrome outnumber those with the classic triad.
- The cause is unknown, and treatment unproven.
Other Entities
- Bacterial infection of the middle ear (otitis media)
- Cholesteatoma, or tumors should be suspected if the onset of facial palsy is gradual.
- Sarcoidosis, especially in patients with bilateral facial palsy.
- Sjogren's syndrome is an unusual cause.