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Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Acute renal failure}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== ===Common Causes=== Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to ''pre-renal, r..." |
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** due to abdominal malignancy (e.g. [[ovarian cancer]], [[colorectal cancer]]). | ** due to abdominal malignancy (e.g. [[ovarian cancer]], [[colorectal cancer]]). | ||
** obstructed urinary catheter. | ** obstructed urinary catheter. | ||
===Prerenal Causes=== | |||
*[[Acute pancreatitis]] | |||
*[[Aortic aneurysm]] | |||
*[[Cirrhosis]] | |||
*[[Dehydration]] | |||
*[[Drug|Drugs]] such as [[diuretics]] | |||
*[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]] | |||
*[[Hemolysis]] | |||
*[[Hepatorenal syndrome]] | |||
*[[Hypovolemia]] | |||
*[[Metrorrhagia]] | |||
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]] | |||
*[[Peritonitis]] | |||
*[[Pre-eclampsia]] | |||
*[[Rhabdomyolysis]] | |||
*[[Renal artery stenosis]] | |||
*[[Renal vein thrombosis]] | |||
*Severe [[sodium]] and [[chloride]] loss | |||
*[[Shock]] of various orgins | |||
*[[Surgery]] | |||
*[[Therapy]] with [[ACE inhibitors]] | |||
*[[Trauma]] | |||
*[[Water]] / [[electrolyte]] loss | |||
===Renal Causes=== | |||
*[[Arteriosclerosis]] of the [[renal arteries]] | |||
*Bilateral [[renal cortex|renal cortical]] [[necrosis]] | |||
*[[Glomerulonephritis]] | |||
*[[Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome]] | |||
*[[Kidney]] [[transplant rejection]] | |||
*[[Interstitial nephritis]] | |||
*[[Malignant hypertension]] | |||
*[[Occlusion]] of the [[renal arteries]] | |||
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] [[PAN]] | |||
*[[Pyelonephritis]] | |||
*[[Scleroderma]] | |||
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] | |||
*[[Tubulointerstitial renal failure]] | |||
*[[Vasculitis]] | |||
===Postrenal Causes=== | |||
*[[Bladder stone]] | |||
*[[Bladder carcinoma]] | |||
*[[Bladder infection]] | |||
*Bladder [[neuropathy]] | |||
* [[Colorectal cancer]] | |||
*[[Multiple sclerosis]] | |||
*[[Neurosyphillis]] | |||
* [[Ovarian cancer]] | |||
*[[Phimosis]] | |||
*[[Prostatic hypertrophy]] | |||
*[[Prostatitis]] | |||
*Ruptured [[ureter]] | |||
*[[Spinal cord stenosis]] | |||
*[[Syringomyelia]] | |||
*[[Tabes dorsalis]] | |||
*[[Trabeculated bladder]] | |||
*[[Urethra]]l [[atresia]] | |||
*[[Urethra]]l [[trauma]] | |||
*[[Urethra]]l [[stricture]] | |||
Revision as of 14:29, 24 August 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Common Causes
Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes.
| Acute Renal Failure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-renal | Renal | Post-renal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Pre-renal (causes in the blood supply):
- hypovolemia (decreased blood volume), usually from shock or dehydration and fluid loss or excessive diuretics use.
- hepatorenal syndrome in which renal perfusion is compromised in liver failure
- vascular problems, such as atheroembolic disease and renal vein thrombosis (which can occur as a complication of the nephrotic syndrome)
- Renal (damage to the kidney itself):
- infection usually sepsis (systemic inflammation due to infection),rarely of the kidney itself, termed pyelonephritis
- toxins or medication (e.g. some NSAIDs, aminoglycoside antibiotics, iodinated contrast, lithium)
- rhabdomyolysis (breakdown of muscle tissue) - the resultant release of myoglobin in the blood affects the kidney; it can be caused by injury (especially crush injury and extensive blunt trauma), statins, stimulants and some other drugs
- hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells) - the hemoglobin damages the tubules; it may be caused by various conditions such as sickle-cell disease, and lupus erythematosus
- multiple myeloma, either due to hypercalcemia or "cast nephropathy" (multiple myeloma can also cause chronic renal failure by a different mechanism)
- acute glomerulonephritis which may be due to a variety of causes, such as anti glomerular basement membrane disease/Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis or acute lupus nephritis with systemic lupus erythematosus
- Post-renal (obstructive causes in the urinary tract) due to:
- medication interfering with normal bladder emptying.
- benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostate cancer.
- kidney stones.
- due to abdominal malignancy (e.g. ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer).
- obstructed urinary catheter.
Prerenal Causes
- Acute pancreatitis
- Aortic aneurysm
- Cirrhosis
- Dehydration
- Drugs such as diuretics
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Hemolysis
- Hepatorenal syndrome
- Hypovolemia
- Metrorrhagia
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Peritonitis
- Pre-eclampsia
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Renal artery stenosis
- Renal vein thrombosis
- Severe sodium and chloride loss
- Shock of various orgins
- Surgery
- Therapy with ACE inhibitors
- Trauma
- Water / electrolyte loss
Renal Causes
- Arteriosclerosis of the renal arteries
- Bilateral renal cortical necrosis
- Glomerulonephritis
- Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
- Kidney transplant rejection
- Interstitial nephritis
- Malignant hypertension
- Occlusion of the renal arteries
- Polyarteritis nodosa PAN
- Pyelonephritis
- Scleroderma
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Tubulointerstitial renal failure
- Vasculitis
Postrenal Causes
- Bladder stone
- Bladder carcinoma
- Bladder infection
- Bladder neuropathy
- Colorectal cancer
- Multiple sclerosis
- Neurosyphillis
- Ovarian cancer
- Phimosis
- Prostatic hypertrophy
- Prostatitis
- Ruptured ureter
- Spinal cord stenosis
- Syringomyelia
- Tabes dorsalis
- Trabeculated bladder
- Urethral atresia
- Urethral trauma
- Urethral stricture