Nephrotic syndrome laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Nephrotic syndrome}} | {{Nephrotic syndrome}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
The following are baseline, essential investigations | The following are baseline, essential investigations | ||
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* [[Hypoalbuminemia]]: albumin levels in blood < 30g/L | * [[Hypoalbuminemia]]: albumin levels in blood < 30g/L | ||
* High levels of [[cholesterol]] ([[hypercholesterolemia]]), specifically elevated [[Low density lipoprotein|LDL]], usually with concomitantly elevated [[Very low density lipoprotein|VLDL]] | * High levels of [[cholesterol]] ([[hypercholesterolemia]]), specifically elevated [[Low density lipoprotein|LDL]], usually with concomitantly elevated [[Very low density lipoprotein|VLDL]] | ||
* The classic Maltese cross pattern is evident in fatty casts with polarized microscopy because of the birefringence of the lipid. <ref> http://www.gamewood.net/rnet/renalpath/ch3.htm The Nephrotic Syndrome access date=2007-11-20</ref> Maltese crosses are due to cholesterol, which is increased in nephrotic syndrome. | * The classic Maltese cross pattern is evident in fatty casts with [[polarized microscopy]] because of the [[birefringence]] of the lipid. <ref> http://www.gamewood.net/rnet/renalpath/ch3.htm The Nephrotic Syndrome access date=2007-11-20</ref> Maltese crosses are due to cholesterol, which is increased in nephrotic syndrome. | ||
* Electrolytes, urea and creatinine (EUCs): to evaluate renal function | * Electrolytes, urea and [[creatinine]] (EUCs): to evaluate renal function | ||
Tests to rule out various causes may include the following: | Tests to rule out various causes may include the following: | ||
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*Hepatitis B and C antibodies | *Hepatitis B and C antibodies | ||
*[[VDRL]] serology | *[[VDRL]] serology | ||
*Serum protein electrophoresis | *Serum protein [[electrophoresis]] | ||
This disease may also alter the results of the following tests: | This disease may also alter the results of the following tests: | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Kidney diseases]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Nephrology]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Syndromes]] | |||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 15:57, 27 September 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Laboratory Findings
The following are baseline, essential investigations
- Urine sample shows proteinuria. It is also examined for active casts; which is more a feature of active nephritis.
- Hypoalbuminemia: albumin levels in blood < 30g/L
- High levels of cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), specifically elevated LDL, usually with concomitantly elevated VLDL
- The classic Maltese cross pattern is evident in fatty casts with polarized microscopy because of the birefringence of the lipid. [1] Maltese crosses are due to cholesterol, which is increased in nephrotic syndrome.
- Electrolytes, urea and creatinine (EUCs): to evaluate renal function
Tests to rule out various causes may include the following:
- Glucose tolerance test
- Antinuclear antibody
- Rheumatoid factor
- Cryoglobulins
- Complement levels
- Hepatitis B and C antibodies
- VDRL serology
- Serum protein electrophoresis
This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:
- Urinary casts
- Serum iron
References
- ↑ http://www.gamewood.net/rnet/renalpath/ch3.htm The Nephrotic Syndrome access date=2007-11-20