Hypopituitarism causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Common Causes

Hypopituitarism and panhypopituitarism can be congenital or acquired. A partial list of causes and forms:

• Congenital hypopituitarism
  • Hypoplasia of the pituitary
    • Isolated idiopathic congenital hypopituitarism
    • Associated with other congenital syndromes and birth defects
      • Septo-optic dysplasia
      • Holoprosencephaly
      • Chromosome 22 deletion syndrome
      • Rapaport syndrome
  • Single gene defect forms of anterior pituitary hormone deficiency
• Acquired hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease)
  • Trauma (e.g., skull base fracture)
  • Surgery (e.g., removal of pituitary neoplasm)
  • Tumor - secretory and non-secretory (20%) pituitary or hypothalamic neoplasms, cause hypopituitarism by compressing the remaining tissue
  • Inflammation (e.g. sarcoidosis or autoimmune hypophysitis)
  • Radiation (e.g., after cranial irradiation for childhood leukemia)
  • Shock
    • (Sheehan's syndrome is hypopituitarism after heavy bleeding in childbirth)
  • Hemochromatosis
• other diseases.

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Changes in body weight
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Emotional disorders
• Empty Sella Syndrome
• Habitual exercise
• Head Trauma
• Hemochromatosis
• Infection

• Fungal
• Malaria
• Meningitis
• Syphillis
• Tuberculosis

• Ischemic nerosis of the pituitary

• Anticoagulant therapy
• Arteriosclerosis
• Arteritis temporalis
• Blood dyscrasias
• Brain Trauma
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Eclampsia
• Increased cranial pressure
• Sheehan's Syndrome
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Tumor

• Iatrogenic
• Parasellar tumor/pituitary compression

• Craniopharyngioma
• Chromophobe adenoma
• Intracranial cartoid branch aneurysm
• Lymphoma
• Meningioma
• Metasteses
• Optic nerve neuroma

• Pituitary adenomas
• Renal Failure
• Sarcoidosis
• Wegener's Granulomatosis