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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2''' (HAVCR2), also known as '''T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3''' (TIM-3), is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''HAVCR2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11823861">{{cite journal | vauthors = Monney L, Sabatos CA, Gaglia JL, Ryu A, Waldner H, Chernova T, Manning S, Greenfield EA, Coyle AJ, Sobel RA, Freeman GJ, Kuchroo VK | title = Th1-specific cell surface protein Tim-3 regulates macrophage activation and severity of an autoimmune disease | journal = Nature | volume = 415 | issue = 6871 | pages = 536–41 | date = Feb 2002 | pmid = 11823861 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/415536a }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HAVCR2 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=84868| accessdate = }}</ref>
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| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2
| HGNCid = 18437
| Symbol = HAVCR2
| AltSymbols =; FLJ14428; KIM-3; TIM3; TIMD3; Tim-3
| OMIM = 606652
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 87084
| MGIid = 
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HAVCR2_gnf1h00938_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_HAVCR2_gnf1h00940_at_tn.png
| Function =  
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process =
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 84868
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000135077
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_116171
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_032782
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 156445421
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 156468716
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q8TDQ0
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = 
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2''', also known as '''HAVCR2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HAVCR2 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=84868| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
[[CD4]]-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into several types (including types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2)) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells and their associated cytokines are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. The 2 types of cells also cross-regulate the functions of the other.
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = CD4 (MIM 186940)-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells and their associated cytokines are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. The 2 types of cells also cross-regulate the functions of the other. TIM3 is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.[supplied by OMIM]<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HAVCR2 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=84868| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
[[T-cell exhaustion]] is mediated by several inhibitory receptors including [[Programmed cell death 1|programmed cell death protein 1]] (PD1), TIM3, and [[LAG3|lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein]] (LAG3).<ref name=Mahoney2015>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahoney KM, Rennert PD, Freeman GJ |title=Combination cancer immunotherapy and new immunomodulatory targets |journal=Nat Rev Drug Discov |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=561–84 |year=2015 |pmid=26228759 |doi=10.1038/nrd4591 |url=}}</ref> TIM3, an [[immune checkpoint]], is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.<ref name="entrez" />
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
== Clinical significance ==
 
The Tim-3 pathway may interact with the [[PD-1]] pathway in the dysfunctional [[CD8]]+ T cells and [[Treg]]s in cancer.<ref name=Anderson2014>{{cite journal | vauthors = Anderson AC | title = Tim-3: an emerging target in the cancer immunotherapy landscape | journal = Cancer Immunology Research | volume = 2 | issue = 5 | pages = 393–8 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24795351 | doi = 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0039 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gao X, Zhu Y, Li G, Huang H, Zhang G, Wang F, Sun J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Lu B | title = TIM-3 expression characterizes regulatory T cells in tumor tissues and is associated with lung cancer progression | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = e30676 | year = 2012 | pmid = 22363469 | pmc = 3281852 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0030676 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Anderson DE | title = TIM-3 as a therapeutic target in human inflammatory diseases | journal = Expert Opin. Ther. Targets | volume = 11 | issue = 8 | pages = 1005–9 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17665973 | doi = 10.1517/14728222.11.8.1005 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sánchez-Fueyo A, Tian J, Picarella D, Domenig C, Zheng XX, Sabatos CA, Manlongat N, Bender O, Kamradt T, Kuchroo VK, Gutiérrez-Ramos JC, Coyle AJ, Strom TB | title = Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance | journal = Nat. Immunol. | volume = 4 | issue = 11 | pages = 1093–101 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14556005 | doi = 10.1038/ni987 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Anderson DE |title=TIM-3 as a therapeutic target in human inflammatory diseases. |journal=Expert Opin. Ther. Targets |volume=11 |issue= 8 |pages= 1005-9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17665973 |doi= 10.1517/14728222.11.8.1005 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sabatos CA, Chakravarti S, Cha E, Schubart A, Sánchez-Fueyo A, Zheng XX, Coyle AJ, Strom TB, Freeman GJ, Kuchroo VK | title = Interaction of Tim-3 and Tim-3 ligand regulates T helper type 1 responses and induction of peripheral tolerance | journal = Nat. Immunol. | volume = 4 | issue = 11 | pages = 1102–10 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14556006 | doi = 10.1038/ni988 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Monney L, Sabatos CA, Gaglia JL, ''et al.'' |title=Th1-specific cell surface protein Tim-3 regulates macrophage activation and severity of an autoimmune disease. |journal=Nature |volume=415 |issue= 6871 |pages= 536-41 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11823861 |doi= 10.1038/415536a }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Khademi M, Illés Z, Gielen AW, Marta M, Takazawa N, Baecher-Allan C, Brundin L, Hannerz J, Martin C, Harris RA, Hafler DA, Kuchroo VK, Olsson T, Piehl F, Wallström E | title = T Cell Ig- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-1 molecules are differentially expressed on human Th1 and Th2 cells and in cerebrospinal fluid-derived mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 172 | issue = 11 | pages = 7169–76 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15153541 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7169 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chae SC, Park YR, Shim SC, Yoon KS, Chung HT | title = The polymorphisms of Th1 cell surface gene Tim-3 are associated in a Korean population with rheumatoid arthritis | journal = Immunol. Lett. | volume = 95 | issue = 1 | pages = 91–5 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15325803 | doi = 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.008 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sánchez-Fueyo A, Tian J, Picarella D, ''et al.'' |title=Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. |journal=Nat. Immunol. |volume=4 |issue= 11 |pages= 1093-101 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14556005 |doi= 10.1038/ni987 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chae SC, Park YR, Lee YC, Lee JH, Chung HT | title = The association of TIM-3 gene polymorphism with atopic disease in Korean population | journal = Hum. Immunol. | volume = 65 | issue = 12 | pages = 1427–31 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15603868 | doi = 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.002 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sabatos CA, Chakravarti S, Cha E, ''et al.'' |title=Interaction of Tim-3 and Tim-3 ligand regulates T helper type 1 responses and induction of peripheral tolerance. |journal=Nat. Immunol. |volume=4 |issue= 11 |pages= 1102-10 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14556006 |doi= 10.1038/ni988 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, Xiong H, Imitola J, Khoury SJ, Zheng XX, Strom TB, Kuchroo VK | title = The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity | journal = Nat. Immunol. | volume = 6 | issue = 12 | pages = 1245–52 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16286920 | doi = 10.1038/ni1271 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sui L, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Wan T, Zhang W, Yang Y, Fang G, Mao J, Cao X | title = Human membrane protein Tim-3 facilitates hepatitis A virus entry into target cells | journal = Int. J. Mol. Med. | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 1093–9 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16685421 | doi = 10.3892/ijmm.17.6.1093 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Khademi M, Illés Z, Gielen AW, ''et al.'' |title=T Cell Ig- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-1 molecules are differentially expressed on human Th1 and Th2 cells and in cerebrospinal fluid-derived mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=172 |issue= 11 |pages= 7169-76 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15153541 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Koguchi K, Anderson DE, Yang L, O'Connor KC, Kuchroo VK, Hafler DA | title = Dysregulated T cell expression of TIM3 in multiple sclerosis | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 203 | issue = 6 | pages = 1413–8 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16754722 | pmc = 2118310 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20060210 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chae SC, Park YR, Shim SC, ''et al.'' |title=The polymorphisms of Th1 cell surface gene Tim-3 are associated in a Korean population with rheumatoid arthritis. |journal=Immunol. Lett. |volume=95 |issue= 1 |pages= 91-5 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15325803 |doi= 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.008 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = van de Weyer PS, Muehlfeit M, Klose C, Bonventre JV, Walz G, Kuehn EW | title = A highly conserved tyrosine of Tim-3 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by its ligand galectin-9 | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 351 | issue = 2 | pages = 571–6 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17069754 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.079 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiener Z, Kohalmi B, Pocza P, Jeager J, Tolgyesi G, Toth S, Gorbe E, Papp Z, Falus A | title = TIM-3 is expressed in melanoma cells and is upregulated in TGF-beta stimulated mast cells | journal = J. Invest. Dermatol. | volume = 127 | issue = 4 | pages = 906–14 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17096021 | doi = 10.1038/sj.jid.5700616 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chae SC, Park YR, Lee YC, ''et al.'' |title=The association of TIM-3 gene polymorphism with atopic disease in Korean population. |journal=Hum. Immunol. |volume=65 |issue= 12 |pages= 1427-31 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15603868 |doi= 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.002 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Renesto PG, Ponciano VC, Cenedeze MA, Saraiva Câmara NO, Pacheco-Silva A | title = High expression of Tim-3 mRNA in urinary cells from kidney transplant recipients with acute rejection | journal = Am. J. Transplant. | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 1661–5 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17430399 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01795.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, ''et al.'' |title=The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity. |journal=Nat. Immunol. |volume=6 |issue= 12 |pages= 1245-52 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16286920 |doi= 10.1038/ni1271 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Anderson AC, Anderson DE, Bregoli L, Hastings WD, Kassam N, Lei C, Chandwaskar R, Karman J, Su EW, Hirashima M, Bruce JN, Kane LP, Kuchroo VK, Hafler DA | title = Promotion of tissue inflammation by the immune receptor Tim-3 expressed on innate immune cells | journal = Science | volume = 318 | issue = 5853 | pages = 1141–3 | year = 2007 | pmid = 18006747 | doi = 10.1126/science.1148536 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sui L, Zhang W, Chen Y, ''et al.'' |title=Human membrane protein Tim-3 facilitates hepatitis A virus entry into target cells. |journal=Int. J. Mol. Med. |volume=17 |issue= 6 |pages= 1093-9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16685421 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Koguchi K, Anderson DE, Yang L, ''et al.'' |title=Dysregulated T cell expression of TIM3 in multiple sclerosis. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=203 |issue= 6 |pages= 1413-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16754722 |doi= 10.1084/jem.20060210 }}
*{{cite journal | author=van de Weyer PS, Muehlfeit M, Klose C, ''et al.'' |title=A highly conserved tyrosine of Tim-3 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by its ligand galectin-9. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=351 |issue= 2 |pages= 571-6 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17069754 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.079 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wiener Z, Kohalmi B, Pocza P, ''et al.'' |title=TIM-3 is expressed in melanoma cells and is upregulated in TGF-beta stimulated mast cells. |journal=J. Invest. Dermatol. |volume=127 |issue= 4 |pages= 906-14 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17096021 |doi= 10.1038/sj.jid.5700616 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Renesto PG, Ponciano VC, Cenedeze MA, ''et al.'' |title=High expression of Tim-3 mRNA in urinary cells from kidney transplant recipients with acute rejection. |journal=Am. J. Transplant. |volume=7 |issue= 6 |pages= 1661-5 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17430399 |doi= 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01795.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Anderson AC, Anderson DE, Bregoli L, ''et al.'' |title=Promotion of tissue inflammation by the immune receptor Tim-3 expressed on innate immune cells. |journal=Science |volume=318 |issue= 5853 |pages= 1141-3 |year= 2007 |pmid= 18006747 |doi= 10.1126/science.1148536 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
[[Category:Hepatitis A]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
 
{{gene-5-stub}}

Revision as of 02:31, 27 October 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR2 gene.[1][2]

Function

CD4-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into several types (including types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2)) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells and their associated cytokines are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. The 2 types of cells also cross-regulate the functions of the other.

T-cell exhaustion is mediated by several inhibitory receptors including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), TIM3, and lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3).[3] TIM3, an immune checkpoint, is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.[2]

Clinical significance

The Tim-3 pathway may interact with the PD-1 pathway in the dysfunctional CD8+ T cells and Tregs in cancer.[4][5]

References

  1. ↑ Monney L, Sabatos CA, Gaglia JL, Ryu A, Waldner H, Chernova T, Manning S, Greenfield EA, Coyle AJ, Sobel RA, Freeman GJ, Kuchroo VK (Feb 2002). "Th1-specific cell surface protein Tim-3 regulates macrophage activation and severity of an autoimmune disease". Nature. 415 (6871): 536–41. doi:10.1038/415536a. PMID 11823861.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: HAVCR2 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2".
  3. ↑ Mahoney KM, Rennert PD, Freeman GJ (2015). "Combination cancer immunotherapy and new immunomodulatory targets". Nat Rev Drug Discov. 14 (8): 561–84. doi:10.1038/nrd4591. PMID 26228759.
  4. ↑ Anderson AC (May 2014). "Tim-3: an emerging target in the cancer immunotherapy landscape". Cancer Immunology Research. 2 (5): 393–8. doi:10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-14-0039. PMID 24795351.
  5. ↑ Gao X, Zhu Y, Li G, Huang H, Zhang G, Wang F, Sun J, Yang Q, Zhang X, Lu B (2012). "TIM-3 expression characterizes regulatory T cells in tumor tissues and is associated with lung cancer progression". PLOS ONE. 7 (2): e30676. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030676. PMC 3281852. PMID 22363469.

Further reading

  • Anderson DE (2007). "TIM-3 as a therapeutic target in human inflammatory diseases". Expert Opin. Ther. Targets. 11 (8): 1005–9. doi:10.1517/14728222.11.8.1005. PMID 17665973.
  • Sánchez-Fueyo A, Tian J, Picarella D, Domenig C, Zheng XX, Sabatos CA, Manlongat N, Bender O, Kamradt T, Kuchroo VK, Gutiérrez-Ramos JC, Coyle AJ, Strom TB (2003). "Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance". Nat. Immunol. 4 (11): 1093–101. doi:10.1038/ni987. PMID 14556005.
  • Sabatos CA, Chakravarti S, Cha E, Schubart A, Sánchez-Fueyo A, Zheng XX, Coyle AJ, Strom TB, Freeman GJ, Kuchroo VK (2003). "Interaction of Tim-3 and Tim-3 ligand regulates T helper type 1 responses and induction of peripheral tolerance". Nat. Immunol. 4 (11): 1102–10. doi:10.1038/ni988. PMID 14556006.
  • Khademi M, Illés Z, Gielen AW, Marta M, Takazawa N, Baecher-Allan C, Brundin L, Hannerz J, Martin C, Harris RA, Hafler DA, Kuchroo VK, Olsson T, Piehl F, Wallström E (2004). "T Cell Ig- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-1 molecules are differentially expressed on human Th1 and Th2 cells and in cerebrospinal fluid-derived mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis". J. Immunol. 172 (11): 7169–76. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7169. PMID 15153541.
  • Chae SC, Park YR, Shim SC, Yoon KS, Chung HT (2005). "The polymorphisms of Th1 cell surface gene Tim-3 are associated in a Korean population with rheumatoid arthritis". Immunol. Lett. 95 (1): 91–5. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.008. PMID 15325803.
  • Chae SC, Park YR, Lee YC, Lee JH, Chung HT (2005). "The association of TIM-3 gene polymorphism with atopic disease in Korean population". Hum. Immunol. 65 (12): 1427–31. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.002. PMID 15603868.
  • Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, Xiong H, Imitola J, Khoury SJ, Zheng XX, Strom TB, Kuchroo VK (2006). "The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity". Nat. Immunol. 6 (12): 1245–52. doi:10.1038/ni1271. PMID 16286920.
  • Sui L, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Wan T, Zhang W, Yang Y, Fang G, Mao J, Cao X (2006). "Human membrane protein Tim-3 facilitates hepatitis A virus entry into target cells". Int. J. Mol. Med. 17 (6): 1093–9. doi:10.3892/ijmm.17.6.1093. PMID 16685421.
  • Koguchi K, Anderson DE, Yang L, O'Connor KC, Kuchroo VK, Hafler DA (2006). "Dysregulated T cell expression of TIM3 in multiple sclerosis". J. Exp. Med. 203 (6): 1413–8. doi:10.1084/jem.20060210. PMC 2118310. PMID 16754722.
  • van de Weyer PS, Muehlfeit M, Klose C, Bonventre JV, Walz G, Kuehn EW (2007). "A highly conserved tyrosine of Tim-3 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by its ligand galectin-9". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351 (2): 571–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.079. PMID 17069754.
  • Wiener Z, Kohalmi B, Pocza P, Jeager J, Tolgyesi G, Toth S, Gorbe E, Papp Z, Falus A (2007). "TIM-3 is expressed in melanoma cells and is upregulated in TGF-beta stimulated mast cells". J. Invest. Dermatol. 127 (4): 906–14. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700616. PMID 17096021.
  • Renesto PG, Ponciano VC, Cenedeze MA, Saraiva Câmara NO, Pacheco-Silva A (2007). "High expression of Tim-3 mRNA in urinary cells from kidney transplant recipients with acute rejection". Am. J. Transplant. 7 (6): 1661–5. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01795.x. PMID 17430399.
  • Anderson AC, Anderson DE, Bregoli L, Hastings WD, Kassam N, Lei C, Chandwaskar R, Karman J, Su EW, Hirashima M, Bruce JN, Kane LP, Kuchroo VK, Hafler DA (2007). "Promotion of tissue inflammation by the immune receptor Tim-3 expressed on innate immune cells". Science. 318 (5853): 1141–3. doi:10.1126/science.1148536. PMID 18006747.


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