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{{Infobox_gene}}
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
'''LIM domain kinase 2''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''LIMK2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid8537403">{{cite journal | vauthors = Okano I, Hiraoka J, Otera H, Nunoue K, Ohashi K, Iwashita S, Hirai M, Mizuno K | title = Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 270 | issue = 52 | pages = 31321–30 | date = Dec 1995 | pmid = 8537403 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1074/jbc.270.52.31321 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10591208">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP | title = The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 | journal = Nature | volume = 402 | issue = 6761 | pages = 489–95 | date = Dec 1999 | pmid = 10591208 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/990031 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LIMK2 LIM domain kinase 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3985| accessdate = }}</ref>
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_LIMK2_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1x6a.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1x6a}}
| Name = LIM domain kinase 2
| HGNCid = 6614
| Symbol = LIMK2
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 601988
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55911
| MGIid = 1197517
  | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_LIMK2_202193_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_LIMK2_210582_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_LIMK2_217475_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004672 |text = protein kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004674 |text = protein serine/threonine kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005524 |text = ATP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016740 |text = transferase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3985
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000182541
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001026971
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001031801
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 22
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 29938250
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 30006066
    | Hs_Uniprot = P53671
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 16886
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020451
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_001034030
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_001029202
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =   
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 3243300
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 3309238
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q5NC04
  }}
}}
'''LIM domain kinase 2''', also known as '''LIMK2''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LIMK2 LIM domain kinase 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3985| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text = There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: LIMK2 LIM domain kinase 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3985| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the [[LIM domain]]s they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.<ref name="entrez" />
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Further reading==
== References ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{reflist}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
 
| citations =
== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal  | author=Scott RW, Olson MF |title=LIM kinases: function, regulation and association with human disease. |journal=J. Mol. Med. |volume=85 |issue= 6 |pages= 555-68 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17294230 |doi= 10.1007/s00109-007-0165-6 }}
{{refbegin |30em}}
*{{cite journal  | author=Okano I, Hiraoka J, Otera H, ''et al.'' |title=Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=270 |issue= 52 |pages= 31321-30 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8537403 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Scott RW, Olson MF | title = LIM kinases: function, regulation and association with human disease | journal = Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany) | volume = 85 | issue = 6 | pages = 555–68  | date = Jun 2007 | pmid = 17294230 | doi = 10.1007/s00109-007-0165-6 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Osada H, Hasada K, Inazawa J, ''et al.'' |title=Subcellular localization and protein interaction of the human LIMK2 gene expressing alternative transcripts with tissue-specific regulation. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=229 |issue= 2 |pages= 582-9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8954941 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1847 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Osada H, Hasada K, Inazawa J, Uchida K, Ueda R, Takahashi T, Takahashi T | title = Subcellular localization and protein interaction of the human LIMK2 gene expressing alternative transcripts with tissue-specific regulation | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 229 | issue = 2 | pages = 582–9 | date =13 Dec 1996 | pmid = 8954941 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1847 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hiraoka J, Okano I, Higuchi O, ''et al.'' |title=Self-association of LIM-kinase 1 mediated by the interaction between an N-terminal LIM domain and a C-terminal kinase domain. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=399 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 117-21 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8980133 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hiraoka J, Okano I, Higuchi O, Yang N, Mizuno K | title = Self-association of LIM-kinase 1 mediated by the interaction between an N-terminal LIM domain and a C-terminal kinase domain | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 399 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 117–21 | date =9 Dec 1996 | pmid = 8980133 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01303-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Yang N, Higuchi O, Ohashi K, ''et al.'' |title=Cofilin phosphorylation by LIM-kinase 1 and its role in Rac-mediated actin reorganization. |journal=Nature |volume=393 |issue= 6687 |pages= 809-12 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9655398 |doi= 10.1038/31735 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yang N, Higuchi O, Ohashi K, Nagata K, Wada A, Kangawa K, Nishida E, Mizuno K | title = Cofilin phosphorylation by LIM-kinase 1 and its role in Rac-mediated actin reorganization | journal = Nature | volume = 393 | issue = 6687 | pages = 809–12  | date = Jun 1998 | pmid = 9655398 | doi = 10.1038/31735 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nomoto S, Tatematsu Y, Takahashi T, Osada H |title=Cloning and characterization of the alternative promoter regions of the human LIMK2 gene responsible for alternative transcripts with tissue-specific expression. |journal=Gene |volume=236 |issue= 2 |pages= 259-71 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10452946 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nomoto S, Tatematsu Y, Takahashi T, Osada H | title = Cloning and characterization of the alternative promoter regions of the human LIMK2 gene responsible for alternative transcripts with tissue-specific expression | journal = Gene | volume = 236 | issue = 2 | pages = 259–71  | date = Aug 1999 | pmid = 10452946 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00280-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, ''et al.'' |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. |journal=Nature |volume=402 |issue= 6761 |pages= 489-95 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10591208 |doi= 10.1038/990031 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Takai Y, Nakamura T | title = Cofilin phosphorylation and actin cytoskeletal dynamics regulated by rho- and Cdc42-activated LIM-kinase 2 | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 147 | issue = 7 | pages = 1519–32 | date = 27 Dec 1999 | pmid = 10613909 | pmc = 2174243 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.147.7.1519 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Takai Y, Nakamura T |title=Cofilin phosphorylation and actin cytoskeletal dynamics regulated by rho- and Cdc42-activated LIM-kinase 2. |journal=J. Cell Biol. |volume=147 |issue= 7 |pages= 1519-32 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10613909 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T | title = Specific activation of LIM kinase 2 via phosphorylation of threonine 505 by ROCK, a Rho-dependent protein kinase | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 1 | pages = 670–6  | date = Jan 2001 | pmid = 11018042 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M007074200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T |title=Specific activation of LIM kinase 2 via phosphorylation of threonine 505 by ROCK, a Rho-dependent protein kinase. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 1 |pages= 670-6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11018042 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M007074200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA | title = DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination | journal = Genome Research | volume = 10 | issue = 11 | pages = 1788–95 | date = Nov 2000 | pmid = 11076863 | pmc = 310948 | doi = 10.1101/gr.143000 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA |title=DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1788-95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11076863 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Amano T, Tanabe K, Eto T, Narumiya S, Mizuno K | title = LIM-kinase 2 induces formation of stress fibres, focal adhesions and membrane blebs, dependent on its activation by Rho-associated kinase-catalysed phosphorylation at threonine-505 | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 354 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 149–59  | date = Feb 2001 | pmid = 11171090 | pmc = 1221639 | doi = 10.1042/0264-6021:3540149 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Amano T, Tanabe K, Eto T, ''et al.'' |title=LIM-kinase 2 induces formation of stress fibres, focal adhesions and membrane blebs, dependent on its activation by Rho-associated kinase-catalysed phosphorylation at threonine-505. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=354 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 149-59 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11171090 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A | title = Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs | journal = Genome Research | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 422–35  | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11230166 | pmc = 311072 | doi = 10.1101/gr.GR1547R }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, ''et al.'' |title=Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422-35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.154701 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Shibuya A, Nakamura T | title = Activation of LIM kinases by myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase alpha | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 25 | pages = 23092–6  | date = Jun 2001 | pmid = 11340065 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C100196200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sumi T, Matsumoto K, Shibuya A, Nakamura T |title=Activation of LIM kinases by myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase alpha. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 25 |pages= 23092-6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11340065 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.C100196200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Toshima J, Toshima JY, Takeuchi K, Mori R, Mizuno K | title = Cofilin phosphorylation and actin reorganization activities of testicular protein kinase 2 and its predominant expression in testicular Sertoli cells | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 33 | pages = 31449–58  | date = Aug 2001 | pmid = 11418599 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M102988200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Toshima J, Toshima JY, Takeuchi K, ''et al.'' |title=Cofilin phosphorylation and actin reorganization activities of testicular protein kinase 2 and its predominant expression in testicular Sertoli cells. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 33 |pages= 31449-58 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11418599 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M102988200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, Mougin C, Groizeleau C, Hamburger A, Meil A, Wojcik J, Legrain P, Gauthier JM | title = Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway | journal = Genome Research | volume = 14 | issue = 7 | pages = 1324–32  | date = Jul 2004 | pmid = 15231748 | pmc = 442148 | doi = 10.1101/gr.2334104 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I | title = A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 10 | pages = R84 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15461802 | pmc = 545604 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A | title = From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline | journal = Genome Research | volume = 14 | issue = 10B | pages = 2136–44  | date = Oct 2004 | pmid = 15489336 | pmc = 528930 | doi = 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, ''et al.'' |title=Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 7 |pages= 1324-32 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15231748 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2334104 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Vardouli L, Moustakas A, Stournaras C | title = LIM-kinase 2 and cofilin phosphorylation mediate actin cytoskeleton reorganization induced by transforming growth factor-beta | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 280 | issue = 12 | pages = 11448–57  | date = Mar 2005 | pmid = 15647284 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M402651200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, ''et al.'' |title=A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. |journal=Genome Biol. |volume=5 |issue= 10 |pages= R84 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15461802 |doi= 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, ''et al.'' |title=From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2136-44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489336 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Vardouli L, Moustakas A, Stournaras C |title=LIM-kinase 2 and cofilin phosphorylation mediate actin cytoskeleton reorganization induced by transforming growth factor-beta. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 12 |pages= 11448-57 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15647284 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M402651200 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}
== External links ==
*[http://cmkb.cellmigration.org/report.cgi?report=orth_overview&gene_id=3985 LIMK2] Info with links in the [http://www.cellmigration.org/index.shtml Cell Migration Gateway]
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=3985}}


{{gene-22-stub}}
{{gene-22-stub}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Revision as of 17:57, 2 September 2017

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

LIM domain kinase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIMK2 gene.[1][2][3]

Function

There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Okano I, Hiraoka J, Otera H, Nunoue K, Ohashi K, Iwashita S, Hirai M, Mizuno K (Dec 1995). "Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (52): 31321–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.52.31321. PMID 8537403.
  2. ↑ Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP (Dec 1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature. 402 (6761): 489–95. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: LIMK2 LIM domain kinase 2".

Further reading

External links


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