Cirrhosis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{ADI}} | {{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{ADI}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States is chronic and heavy alcohol use, while the most common cause of cirrhosis worldwide is the [[hepatitis]] virus. | The most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States is chronic and heavy alcohol use, while the most common cause of cirrhosis worldwide is the [[hepatitis]] virus. Cirrhosis and [[liver disease]] is the 10th leading cause of death in men, and the 12th leading cause of death in women. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
Revision as of 12:58, 7 September 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
The most common cause of cirrhosis in the United States is chronic and heavy alcohol use, while the most common cause of cirrhosis worldwide is the hepatitis virus. Cirrhosis and liver disease is the 10th leading cause of death in men, and the 12th leading cause of death in women.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Cirrhosis and chronic liver disease were the 10th leading cause of death for men and the 12th for women in the United States in 2001, killing about 27,000 people each year.[1] Also, the cost of cirrhosis in terms of human suffering, hospital costs, and lost productivity is high.
- Established cirrhosis has a 10-year mortality of 34-66%, largely dependent on the cause of the cirrhosis; alcoholic cirrhosis has a worse prognosis than primary biliary cirrhosis and cirrhosis due to hepatitis. The risk of death due to all causes is increased twelvefold; if one excludes the direct consequences of the liver disease, there is still a fivefold increased risk of death in all disease categories.[2]
- Alcoholic cirrhosis: Alcoholic cirrhosis develops in 15% of individuals who drink heavily for more than a decade. There is great variability in the amount of alcohol needed to cause cirrhosis (as little as 3-4 drinks a day in some men and 2-3 in some women).
- Chronic hepatitis B: The hepatitis B virus is probably the most common cause of cirrhosis worldwide, especially South-East Asia, but it is less common in the United States and the Western world.
- Primary biliary cirrhosis: In some areas of the US and UK the prevalence is estimated to be as high as 1 in 4000.
- NASH: NASH, in turn, may progress to fibrosis and, later, cirrhosis. Studies of serial liver biopsies estimate a 26-37% rate of hepatic fibrosis and 2-15% rate of cirrhosis in less than 6 years. [3][4][5]
Gender
- Primary biliary cirrhosis : It is more common in women.
References
- ↑ Anderson RN, Smith BL. Deaths: leading causes for 2001. Natl Vital Stat Rep2003;52:1-85. PMID 14626726.
- ↑ Sorensen HT, Thulstrup AM, Mellemkjar L, Jepsen P, Christensen E, Olsen JH, Vilstrup H. Long-term survival and cause-specific mortality in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: a nationwide cohort study in Denmark. J Clin Epidemiol2003;56:88-93. PMID 12589875.
- ↑ Adams LA, Sanderson S, Lindor KD, et al. The histological course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a longitudinal study of 103 patients with sequential liver biopsies. J Hepatol 2005;42(1):132–8.
- ↑ Harrison SA, Torgerson S, Hayashi PH. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:a clinical histopathological study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98(9):2042–7.
- ↑ Ekstedt M, Franzén LE, Mathiesen UL, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes. Hepatology 2006;44:865-73.