Renal cell carcinoma history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 17:35, 11 January 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Symptoms and Signs

Patients with renal cell carcinoma typically present at 60-70 years of age. The most common diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is based on the incidental finding; whereby most patients are asymptomatic. Symptoms are often classified as local and systemic:

Local Symptoms and Signs

The presence of local signs is considered a poor prognostic marker

Hematuria
Flank pain
Palpable abdominal mass

Systemic Symptoms and Signs

The presence of systemic symptoms is mostly due to the presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome, mostly due to the presence of parathyroid-related protein (PTHrp) or a metastasis.

Hypertension (renin secretion)
Hypercalcemia (PTHrp secretion)
Flushing (Erythroprotein secretion)
Fever
Fatigue
Weight loss
Anorexia
Muscle atrophy

References

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-==Symptoms==
+==Symptoms and Signs==
-===Symptoms===
+Patients with renal cell carcinoma typically present at 60-70 years of age. The most common diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is based on the incidental finding; whereby most patients are asymptomatic.
+Symptoms are often classified as local and systemic:
-The classic triad is
+===Local Symptoms and Signs===
-* [[Hematuria]] (blood in the urine)
+The presence of local signs is considered a poor prognostic marker
-* [[Flank pain]]
+*Hematuria
-* [[Abdominal mass]]
+*Flank pain
-This "classic triad" is infrequently present when the patient first presents for medical attention.
+*Palpable abdominal mass
+===Systemic Symptoms and Signs===
-Other signs may include:
+The presence of systemic symptoms is mostly due to the presence of a paraneoplastic syndrome, mostly due to the presence of parathyroid-related protein (PTHrp) or a metastasis.
+*Hypertension (renin secretion)
-* Abnormal urine color (dark, rusty, or brown) due to [[blood in the urine]] (found in 60% of cases)
+*Hypercalcemia (PTHrp secretion)
-* Loin or groin pain (found in 40% of cases)
+*Flushing (Erythroprotein secretion)
-* [[Abdominal mass]] (25% of cases)
+*Fever
-* [[Malaise]], [[weight loss]] or [[anorexia]] (30% of cases)
+*Fatigue
-* [[Anemia]] resulting from depression of [[erythropoietin]] (5% of cases)
+*Weight loss
-* Bone [[pain]]- the presenting symptom may be due to [[metastatic disease]], such as a pathologic fracture of the hip due to a metastasis to the bone
+*Anorexia
-* Enlargement of one [[testicle]] known as [[varicocele]] (usually the left, due to blockage of the left [[gonadal vein]] by tumor invasion of the left [[renal vein]] -- the right gonadal vein drains directly into the [[inferior vena cava]])
+*Muscle atrophy
-* [[Hirsutism]] - Excessive hair growth (females)
-* [[Constipation]]
-* [[Pyrexia of unknown origin]]
 ==References==