Osteochondroma: Difference between revisions
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==[[Osteochondroma overview|Overview]]== | |||
==[[Osteochondroma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | |||
==[[Osteochondroma classification|Classification]]== | |||
==[[Osteochondroma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | |||
==[[Osteochondroma causes|Causes]]== | |||
==[[Osteochondroma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Osteochondroma from other Diseases]]== | |||
==[[Osteochondroma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== | |||
==[[Osteochondroma risk factors|Risk Factors]]== | |||
==[[Osteochondroma natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
[[Osteochondroma staging|Staging]] | [[Osteochondroma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Osteochondroma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Osteochondroma laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Osteochondroma x ray|X Ray]] | [[Osteochondroma CT|CT]] | [[Osteochondroma MRI|MRI]] | [[Osteochondroma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Osteochondroma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] | |||
==Treatment== | |||
[[Osteochondroma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Osteochondroma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Osteochondroma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Osteochondroma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] | |||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
Revision as of 19:35, 17 September 2012
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Osteochondroma Microchapters |
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Osteochondroma On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Osteochondroma |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Osteochondroma from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Overview
Osteochondroma is a type of benign tumor that consists of cartilage and bone.
It is the most frequently observed neoplasm of the skeleton. It is also called a "bone spur".
They often occur at joints, most commonly the shoulder or the knee.
Osteochondroma is not a dangerous tumor(benign). It can be left alone or can be removed by shaving down the tumor.
Multiple Osteochondroma (MO) is the preferred term used by the World Health Organization.
Causes
It is thought to arise during skeletal growth when bone grows away from the growth plate instead of in line with it. Because the cause of solitary osteochondroma is unknown, doctors have not been able to find a way to prevent it.
Risk Factors
Solitary osteochondroma is diagnosed in patients aged 10 to 30 years. It occurs equally in males and females. It does not result from injury.
Diagnosis
Symptoms
- The most common symptom of an osteochondroma is a painless bump near the joints.
- The knee and shoulder are more commonly involved.
- Solitary osteochondroma can be found at the ends of any long bone, and along the pelvic and shoulder bones.
- If the stalk of a pedunculated osteochondroma breaks, pain and swelling may start immediately.
- An osteochondroma can be located under a tendon. When it is, snapping of the tissue over the tumor may cause activity-related pain.
- An osteochondroma can be located near a nerve or blood vessel, such as behind the knee. When it is, there may be numbness and tingling in that extremity.
- A tumor that presses on a blood vessel may cause periodic changes in blood flow. This can cause loss of pulse or changes in color of the limb. Changes in blood flow resulting from an osteochondroma are rare.
MRI
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Rib-osteochondroma
Treatment
Most of the time, solitary osteochondroma is not removed surgically. The doctor will carefully observe it. He or she may want to take regular X-rays to keep track of any changes.
Surgery
When surgery is recommended, it is best to wait until growth is complete (a mature skeleton by X-ray evaluation) before removing a solitary osteochondroma. This decreases the chance of the tumor growing back.
Surgery may be considered if the osteochondroma:
- Is causing pain with activity
- Puts pressure on a nerve or blood vessel
- Has a large cap of cartilage
The osteochondroma is removed at the level of the normal bone. Some of the inside of the bone may also be removed.
Related Chapters
References
Acknowledgements
The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.