Hypogonadism pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Gonads have two functions: to produce [[hormone]]s ([[testosterone]], [[estradiol]], [[antimullerian hormone]], [[progesterone]], [[inhibin|inhibin B]]), [[activin]] and to produce [[gamete]]s ([[Ovum|egg]]s or [[Spermatozoon|sperm]]). Deficiency of sex hormones can result in defective primary or secondary sexual development, or withdrawal effects (e.g., premature [[menopause]]) in adults. Defective egg or sperm development results in [[infertility]]. The term hypogonadism is usually applied to permanent rather than transient or reversible defects, and usually implies deficiency of reproductive hormones, with or without [[fertility]] defects. The term is less commonly used for infertility without hormone deficiency. | Gonads have two functions: to produce [[hormone]]s ([[testosterone]], [[estradiol]], [[antimullerian hormone]], [[progesterone]], [[inhibin|inhibin B]]), [[activin]] and to produce [[gamete]]s ([[Ovum|egg]]s or [[Spermatozoon|sperm]]). Deficiency of sex hormones can result in defective primary or secondary sexual development, or withdrawal effects (e.g., premature [[menopause]]) in adults. Defective egg or sperm development results in [[infertility]]. The term hypogonadism is usually applied to permanent rather than transient or reversible defects, and usually implies deficiency of reproductive hormones, with or without [[fertility]] defects. The term is less commonly used for infertility without hormone deficiency. | ||
;Steroid use | |||
Hypogonadism may be induced by chronic use of [[anabolic steroid|anabolic/androgenic steroids]] (AAS). The negative-feedback system of the [[hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis]] (HPTA) shuts down pituitary production of gonadotropins after extended exposure to AAS. This has been documented both in patients receiving AAS for legitimate medical reasons such as [[AIDS]] or [[cancer]] as well as athletes using AAS illicitly. | |||
Hypogonadism may persist for some time after steroid use is discontinued. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Gonads have two functions: to produce hormones (testosterone, estradiol, antimullerian hormone, progesterone, inhibin B), activin and to produce gametes (eggs or sperm). Deficiency of sex hormones can result in defective primary or secondary sexual development, or withdrawal effects (e.g., premature menopause) in adults. Defective egg or sperm development results in infertility. The term hypogonadism is usually applied to permanent rather than transient or reversible defects, and usually implies deficiency of reproductive hormones, with or without fertility defects. The term is less commonly used for infertility without hormone deficiency.
- Steroid use
Hypogonadism may be induced by chronic use of anabolic/androgenic steroids (AAS). The negative-feedback system of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPTA) shuts down pituitary production of gonadotropins after extended exposure to AAS. This has been documented both in patients receiving AAS for legitimate medical reasons such as AIDS or cancer as well as athletes using AAS illicitly.
Hypogonadism may persist for some time after steroid use is discontinued.