Gynecomastia causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

In alphabetical order.

• Acromegaly
• Adrenal Cancer
• Androgen-insensitivity Syndrome
• Breast Cancer
• Carcinoid
• Chromophobe adenoma
• Chronic Liver Disease
• Chronic renal insufficiency
• Cirrhosis
• Congenital anorchia
• Extragonadal germ cell tumors
• Familial gynecomastia
• Five alpha-reductase deficiency Syndrome
• Hemochromatosis
• Hepatitis
• Hepatocellular carcinoma
• Hypogonadism
• Hypopituitarism
• Hypothyroidism
• Idiopathic
• Kallman Syndrome
• Kidney Carcinoma
• Klinefelter Syndrome
• Liver cancer
• Local irradiation
• Lung cancer
• Medications/drugs:

  • Alcohol
  • Anabolics
  • Chemotherapeutics
  • Chlorpromazine
  • Cimetidine
  • Clomiphene
  • Diazepam
  • Digoxin
  • Estrogens
  • Etomidate
  • Finasteride
  • Heroin
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
  • Isoniazid
  • Ketoconazole
  • Marijuana
  • Methadone
  • Methyldopa
  • Metoclopramide
  • Metronidazole
  • Nifedipine
  • Omeprazole
  • Penicillamine
  • Phenothiazine
  • Spironolactone
  • Steroids
  • Tamoxifen
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
  • Verapamil

• Persistent postpubertal/elderly gynecomastia
• Physiologic gynecomastia of puberty
• Re-feeding after starvation
• Stomach cancer
• Testicular cancer
• Testicular trauma
• Thyroid Disease
• Torsion of testes
• Viral orchitis

According to underlying pathophysiology, the causes of gynecomastia are:

Decreased Testosterone

• Androgen-insensitivity syndrome
• Congenital anorchia
• Five alpha-reductase deficiency
• Hypopituitarism
• Kallman Syndrome
• Klinefelter Syndrome
• Renal Failure
• Testicular trauma
• Torsion of the testes
• Viral orchitis

Increased Estrogens

• Adrenal cancer
• Chronic liver disease
• Extragonadal germ cell tumors
• Familial gynecomastia
• Hyperthyroidism
• Kidney carcinoma
• Liver cancer
• Lung carcinoma
• Malnutrition
• Other gastrointestinal (GI) tract carcinoma
• Stomach cancer
• Testicular cancer

Physiologic causes

• Benign gynecomastia of adolescence
• Drugs
• Familial gynecomastia
• Gynecomastia in the newborn
• Gynecomastia of aging