Thyroid nodule risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Risk Factors

Other factors associated with an increased risk of thyroid nodules and goiter include:

●Smoking 11863477 ●Alcohol consumption 18031329 ●Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels

thyroid nodules in men and decreased serum TSH levels in women 17666480 ●Uterine fibroids 17988198 Factors associated with a possible decreased risk include:

●Oral contraceptive use [29]

●Use of statins (associated with a reduced risk of nodules on ultrasound) [30]

• Hard nodule
• Nodule that is stuck to nearby structures
• Family history of thyroid cancer
• Hoarse voice
• Younger than 20 or older than 70
• History of radiation exposure to the head or neck
• Male gender
• Smoker