Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_Disease |
  Name          = Secondary hyperparathyroidism |
  Image          = Illu thyroid parathyroid.jpg |
  Caption        = Thyroid and parathyroid. |
  DiseasesDB    = 6301 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|E|21|1|e|20}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|252.02}}, {{ICD9|588.81}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = |
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  MeshID        = D006962 |
}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Secondary hyperparathyroidism}}
{{Secondary hyperparathyroidism}}
{{GS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}


==Overview==
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism overview|Overview]]==
'''Secondary hyperparathyroidism''' refers to the excessive secretion of [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH) by the [[parathyroid gland]]s in response to [[hypocalcemia]] (low [[blood]] [[calcium]] levels) and associated hypertrophy of the glands. This disorder is especially seen in patients with chronic renal failure. It is often--although not consistently--abbreviated as SHPT in medical literature.


==Signs and Symptoms==
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
Bone and joint pain are common, as are limb deformities. The elevated PTH has also pleiotropic effects on blood, immune system and neurological system.


==Diagnosis==
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism classification|Classification]]==
The PTH is elevated due to a low serum (ionized) calcium.
 
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism differential diagnosis|Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Causes==
==[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism screening|Screening]]==
[[Chronic renal failure]] is the most common causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Failing [[kidneys]] do not convert enough [[vitamin D]] to its active form, and they do not adequately excrete [[phosphorus]]. When this happens, insoluble [[calcium phosphate]] forms in the body and removes calcium from the circulation. Both processes leads to hypocalcemia and hence secondary hyperparathyroidism.


==Treatment==
==[Secondary hyperparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
If the underlying cause of the hypocalcemia can be addressed, the hyperparathyroidism will resolve. In patients with chronic renal failure treatment consists of dietary restriction of phosphorus, supplements with the active form of [[vitamin D]], and [[phosphate binders]].


==Prognosis==
==Diagnosis==
If left untreated, the disease will progress to [[tertiary hyperparathyroidism]], where correction of the underlying cause will not stop excess PTH secretion, i.e. parathyroid gland hypertrophy becomes irreversible.
[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism x ray|X Ray]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism CT|CT]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism MRI|MRI]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Related Chapters==
==Treatment==
* [[Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism surgery|Surgery]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Secondary hyperparathyroidism future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
* [[Tertiary hyperparathyroidism]]


{{Endocrine pathology}}
==Case Studies==
[[Secondary hyperparathyroidism case study one|Case #1]]


[[Category:Parathyroid disorders]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]


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{{WS}}
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Revision as of 23:51, 23 July 2016

Template:Secondary hyperparathyroidism Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

[Secondary hyperparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WH Template:WS

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