Subcutaneous emphysema natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Air in subcutaneous tissue does not usually pose a lethal threat;<ref name="Maunder84"/> small amounts of air are reabsorbed by the body.<ref name="Long95"/> Once the pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum that causes the subcutaneous emphysema is resolved, with or without medical intervention, the subcutaneous emphysema will usually clear.<ref name="Criner02"/> However, spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema can, in rare cases, progress to a life-threatening condition,<ref name="Parker90"/> and subcutaneous emphysema due to mechanical ventilation may induce ventilatory failure.<ref name="Conetta93"> | Air in subcutaneous tissue does not usually pose a lethal threat;<ref name="Maunder84"> | ||
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cite journal |author=Maunder RJ, Pierson DJ, Hudson LD |title=Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=144 |issue=7 |pages=1447–53 |year=1984 |month=July |pmid=6375617 |doi= |url= | |||
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</ref> small amounts of air are reabsorbed by the body.<ref name="Long95"> | |||
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cite book |author=Long BC Cassmeyer V, Phipps WJ|title=Adult Nursing: Nursing Process Approach |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=1995 |pages=328 |isbn=0-7234-2004-1 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= 2008-05-12 |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=7g9NirASUQsC&pg=PA328&dq=subcutaneous+emphysema&lr=&client=firefox-a&sig=heyGKZpNbSff_ybdIIN8KqTbC6s#PPA328,M1 | |||
}} | |||
</ref> Once the pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum that causes the subcutaneous emphysema is resolved, with or without medical intervention, the subcutaneous emphysema will usually clear.<ref name="Criner02"/> However, spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema can, in rare cases, progress to a life-threatening condition,<ref name="Parker90"/> and subcutaneous emphysema due to mechanical ventilation may induce ventilatory failure.<ref name="Conetta93"> | |||
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cite journal |author=Conetta R, Barman AA, Iakovou C, Masakayan RJ |title=Acute ventilatory failure from massive subcutaneous emphysema |journal=Chest |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=978–980 |year=1993 |month=September |pmid=8365332 |doi= |url=http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8365332 | cite journal |author=Conetta R, Barman AA, Iakovou C, Masakayan RJ |title=Acute ventilatory failure from massive subcutaneous emphysema |journal=Chest |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=978–980 |year=1993 |month=September |pmid=8365332 |doi= |url=http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8365332 | ||
}}<!--url works for full text--> | }}<!--url works for full text--> | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Prognosis
Air in subcutaneous tissue does not usually pose a lethal threat;[1] small amounts of air are reabsorbed by the body.[2] Once the pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum that causes the subcutaneous emphysema is resolved, with or without medical intervention, the subcutaneous emphysema will usually clear.[3] However, spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema can, in rare cases, progress to a life-threatening condition,[4] and subcutaneous emphysema due to mechanical ventilation may induce ventilatory failure.[5]
References
- ↑
Maunder RJ, Pierson DJ, Hudson LD (1984). "Subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management". Arch. Intern. Med. 144 (7): 1447–53. PMID 6375617. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Long BC Cassmeyer V, Phipps WJ (1995). Adult Nursing: Nursing Process Approach. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 328. ISBN 0-7234-2004-1. Retrieved 2008-05-12.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑
Conetta R, Barman AA, Iakovou C, Masakayan RJ (1993). "Acute ventilatory failure from massive subcutaneous emphysema". Chest. 104 (3): 978–980. PMID 8365332. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)