Tonsillitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Tonsillitis is associated with [[infection]], it is currently unknown if the swelling and other symptoms are caused by the infectious agents themselves, or by the host immune response to these agents. Tonsillitis may be a result of aberrant [[immune]] responses to the normal bacterial flora of the [[nasopharynx]]. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Under normal circumstances, as viruses and bacteria enter the body through the nose and mouth, they are filtered in the [[tonsil]]s.<ref name="Kempen"/><ref name="Perry"/> Within the tonsils, [[white blood cell]]s of the immune system mount an attack that helps destroy the viruses or bacteria by producing inflammatory cytokines like [[Phospholipase A2]], <ref> {{cite journal | title = Circulating phospholipase-A2 activity in obstructive sleep apnea | journal = International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology | date = 2012 | id = PMID 22297210 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.12.026 | accessdate = 2012-08-28}}</ref> which also lead to fever.<ref name="Kempen">{{cite journal |author=van Kempen MJ, Rijkers GT, Van Cauwenberge PB |title=The immune response in adenoids and tonsils |journal=Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=8–19 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10859465 |doi= 10.1159/000024354}}</ref><ref name="Perry">{{cite journal |author=Perry M, Whyte A |title=Immunology of the tonsils |journal=Immunology Today |volume=19 |issue=9 |pages=414–21 |year=1998 |month=September |pmid=9745205 |doi= 10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01307-3}}</ref> | Under normal circumstances, as viruses and bacteria enter the body through the nose and mouth, they are filtered in the [[tonsil]]s.<ref name="Kempen"/><ref name="Perry"/> Within the tonsils, [[white blood cell]]s of the immune system mount an attack that helps destroy the viruses or bacteria by producing inflammatory cytokines like [[Phospholipase A2]], <ref> {{cite journal | title = Circulating phospholipase-A2 activity in obstructive sleep apnea | journal = International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology | date = 2012 | id = PMID 22297210 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.12.026 | accessdate = 2012-08-28}}</ref> which also lead to fever.<ref name="Kempen">{{cite journal |author=van Kempen MJ, Rijkers GT, Van Cauwenberge PB |title=The immune response in adenoids and tonsils |journal=Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=8–19 |year=2000 |month=May |pmid=10859465 |doi= 10.1159/000024354}}</ref><ref name="Perry">{{cite journal |author=Perry M, Whyte A |title=Immunology of the tonsils |journal=Immunology Today |volume=19 |issue=9 |pages=414–21 |year=1998 |month=September |pmid=9745205 |doi= 10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01307-3}}</ref> | ||
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Overview
Tonsillitis is associated with infection, it is currently unknown if the swelling and other symptoms are caused by the infectious agents themselves, or by the host immune response to these agents. Tonsillitis may be a result of aberrant immune responses to the normal bacterial flora of the nasopharynx.
Pathophysiology
Under normal circumstances, as viruses and bacteria enter the body through the nose and mouth, they are filtered in the tonsils.[1][2] Within the tonsils, white blood cells of the immune system mount an attack that helps destroy the viruses or bacteria by producing inflammatory cytokines like Phospholipase A2, [3] which also lead to fever.[1][2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 van Kempen MJ, Rijkers GT, Van Cauwenberge PB (2000). "The immune response in adenoids and tonsils". Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 122 (1): 8–19. doi:10.1159/000024354. PMID 10859465. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Perry M, Whyte A (1998). "Immunology of the tonsils". Immunology Today. 19 (9): 414–21. doi:10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01307-3. PMID 9745205. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ "Circulating phospholipase-A2 activity in obstructive sleep apnea". International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2012. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.12.026. PMID 22297210.
|access-date=requires|url=(help)