Respiratory failure causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Causes

Common Causes

Drugs

• Codeine
• Clozapine
• Fentanyl
• Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
• Heroin
• Ketamine
• Lidocaine
• Labetalol
• Lorazepam
• Morphine
• Nitrazepam
• Opiate
• Oxymorphone
• Procainamide (patient information)
• Sodium thiopental
• Triazolam
• Zopiclone

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Fallot tetralogy, Pulmonary valve stenosis, Transposition of great arteries, Tricuspid valve stenosis, Ventricular septal defect,
Chemical / poisoning	3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, Abrin, Aldicarb, Alpha-amanitin, Barium nitrate, Bungarotoxin, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Cocaine, Cone snail, Furfural, Snakebites (Patient information),
Congenital	Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Fallot tetralogy, Fetal circulation, persistent, Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal),
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Asbestosis, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, Smoke inhalation, Sulphur dioxide,
Gastroenterologic	Hepatic failure, Hepatopulmonary syndrome,
Genetic	Achondrogenesis, Acute Porphyria, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelosteogenesis, type II, Becker's muscular dystrophy, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, Familial dysautonomia, Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Thanatophoric dysplasia,
Hematologic	Acute Porphyria, Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome, Fat embolism, Sepsis,
Iatrogenic	Blood transfusion, EVAR,
Infectious Disease	Babesiosis, Botulism, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Heartworm, Post-polio syndrome, Rabies, Tetanus,
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Kyphoscoliosis,
Neurologic	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Meningitis, Polyrediculitis, Zellweger syndrome,
Nutritional / Metabolic	Metabolic Acidosis,
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Malignant Mesothelioma,
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Acetylsalicylic acid, Alcohol, Bufotenin, Clitocybe dealbata, Colchicine, Cytisine, Dicofol, Saxitoxin, Tetrodotoxin, Tick paralysis, Vinyl chloride,
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Acute lung syndrome, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelectasis, Bronchial asthma, Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Bronchogenic carcinoma, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, Emphysema, Eosinophilic pneumonia, Fibrosing alveolitis, Flail chest, Interstitial fibrosis, Laryngo-/Bronchospasm, Legionella pneumophila, Pleural effusion, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary oedema, Restrictive Lung Disease, Status asthmaticus,
Renal / Electrolyte	Elecrolyte abnormalities,
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Devic's disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hamman-Rich Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Satoyoshi syndrome,
Trauma	Ebstein anomaly, Flail chest,
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Aspiration, Foreign body, Malignant hyperpyrexia, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Near-drowning, Reye's syndrome,