Hypocitraturia: Difference between revisions
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* Urine citrate level < 115 mg/day in men and < 200 mg/day in women. | * Urine citrate level < 115 mg/day in men and < 200 mg/day in women. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
[[Citrate]] in the urine has long been recognized as an inhibitor of calcium salt crystallization. [[Citrate]] is the dissociated anion of [[citric acid]], a weak acid that is both ingested in the diet and produced endogenously in the [[tricarboxylic acid]] cycle. | |||
The mean urinary citrate excretion is 640 mg/d in healthy individuals. | |||
The mean urinary citrate excretion is 640 mg/d in healthy individuals. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 14:22, 27 September 2012
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Hypocitraturia, a low amount of citrate in the urine, is an important risk factor for kidney stone formation.
Classification
Hypocitraturia usually is defined as citrate excretion of less than 320 mg/day, but this definition has been challenged as inadequate for recurrent stone formers.
- Severe hypocitraturia: citrate excretion of < 100 mg/day
- Mild-to-moderate hypocitraturia: citrate excretion of 100-320 mg/day
Other definitions;
- Urine citrate level < 220 mg/day for both men and women, regardless of age, or
- Urine citrate level < 115 mg/day in men and < 200 mg/day in women.
Pathophysiology
Citrate in the urine has long been recognized as an inhibitor of calcium salt crystallization. Citrate is the dissociated anion of citric acid, a weak acid that is both ingested in the diet and produced endogenously in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
The mean urinary citrate excretion is 640 mg/d in healthy individuals.
References