Acute renal failure causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
Shankar Kumar (talk | contribs)
Bureaucrats, nocaptcha
13,246 edits
No edit summary
Aarti Narayan (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha
7,243 edits
No edit summary
Line 13: Line 13:
{{familytree/end}}
{{familytree/end}}


* ''Pre-renal'' (causes in the blood supply):
===Pre-renal (compromise in the renal blood flow)===
** [[hypovolemia]] (decreased blood volume), usually from [[Shock (medical)|shock]] or [[dehydration]] and fluid loss or excessive [[diuretic]]s use.
* [[Hypovolemia]] (decreased blood volume) -
** [[hepatorenal syndrome]] in which renal [[perfusion]] is compromised in [[liver failure]]
** [[Shock (medical)|Shock]], [[hemorrhage]], [[burns]], [[dehydration]]
** vascular problems, such as [[atheroembolic disease]] and [[renal vein thrombosis]] (which can occur as a complication of the [[nephrotic syndrome]])
** Fluid loss from [[diuretic]]s use, [[diabetes mellitus]], [[hypoadrenalism]]
** Gastrointestinal fluid loss: [[vomiting]], surgical drainage, [[diarrhea]]
** Extra-vascular space sequestration: [[pancreatitis]], [[hypoalbuminemia]], [[peritonitis]], [[trauma]], [[burns]]
*Low cardiac output -
** [[Cardiac arrhthymia]]'s
** [[Congestive heart failure]]: [[left ventricular failure]], [[right ventricular failure]]
** Valvular disorders: severe [[aortic stenosis]]
** Severe [[pulmonary hypertension]], massive [[pulmonary emobolism]]
* Systemic vasodilatation -
** [[Anaphylaxis]]
** [[Sepsis]]
** [[Antihypertensives]]
* [[Hepatorenal syndrome]] in which renal [[perfusion]] is compromised in [[liver failure]] ([[cirrhosis]] with [[ascites]])
* Vascular problems -
** [[Atheroembolic disease]]
** [[Renal vein thrombosis]] (which can occur as a complication of the [[nephrotic syndrome]])
** Renal [[hypoperfusion]] from [[cyclooxygenase inhibitors]], [[ACE inhibitors]]
** Renal [[vasoconstriction]] from [[hypercalcemia]], [[cyclosporine]], [[tacrolimus]] and [[amphotericin B]]
* [[Hyperviscosity syndrome]] -
** [[Multiple myeloma]]
** [[Polycythemia]]
** [[Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]]
===Renal (damage to the kidney itself)===
* Diseases affecting the renal vasculature -
** Renal arterial obstruction: [[atherosclerosis]], [[dissecting aneurysm]], [[thrombosis]], [[embolism]]
** Renal venous obstruction: [[thrombosis]] of the [[veins]]
* Diseases affecting the [[renal glomeruli]] -
** [[Glomerulonephritis]], which may be due to a variety of causes, such as [[anti glomerular basement membrane disease]]/ [[Goodpasture's syndrome]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]] or acute [[lupus nephritis]] with [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
** [[Vasculitis]]
** [[Accelerated hypertension]]
** [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
* [[Acute tubular necrosis]] from
** [[Ischemia]] - Same causes as for pre-renal failure
** Toxins - [[Radiocontrast agents]], [[aminoglycosides]], [[cisplatin]], [[acetaminophen]], [[myoglobin]] from [[rhabdomyolysis]], [[hemosiderin]] from [[hemolysis]], [[light chain immunolobulins]] in [[multiple myeloma]], [[uric acid]] crystals, etc.
* [[Interstitial nephritis]]
** Infections: [[Acute pyelonephritis]], [[cytomegalovirus]] infection, etc.
** Allergic: [[Penicillin]]'s, [[sulphonamides]], [[rifampin]], [[diuretic agents]], [[ACE inhibitors]]
** Infiltration: Malignancies ([[leukemia]]s and [[lymphoma]]'s)
* [[Graft rejection]]


* ''Renal'' (damage to the kidney itself):
===Post-renal (obstructive causes in the urinary tract)===
** [[infection]] usually [[sepsis]] (systemic inflammation due to infection),rarely of the kidney itself, termed [[pyelonephritis]]
Due to:
** [[toxin]]s or [[medication]] (e.g. some [[NSAID]]s, [[aminoglycoside]] [[antibiotics]], [[iodinated contrast]], [[Lithium salt|lithium]])
* Ureteric:
** [[rhabdomyolysis]] (breakdown of [[muscle]] tissue) - the resultant release of [[myoglobin]] in the [[blood]] affects the kidney; it can be caused by [[injury]] (especially crush injury and extensive [[blunt trauma]]), [[statin]]s, [[stimulant]]s and some other drugs
** [[Ureteric calculi]]
** [[hemolysis]] (breakdown of [[red blood cell]]s) - the [[hemoglobin]] damages the [[tubules]]; it may be caused by various conditions such as [[sickle-cell disease]], and [[lupus erythematosus]]
** [[Blood clot]]
** [[multiple myeloma]], either due to [[hypercalcemia]] or "cast nephropathy" (multiple myeloma can also cause [[chronic renal failure]] by a different mechanism)
** Sloughed renal pappilae
** acute [[glomerulonephritis]] which may be due to a variety of causes, such as [[anti glomerular basement membrane disease]]/[[Goodpasture's syndrome]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]] or acute [[lupus nephritis]] with [[systemic lupus erythematosus]]
** External compression ([[retroperitoneal fibrosis]])
 
* Bladder:
* ''Post-renal'' (obstructive causes in the urinary tract) due to:
** [[Medication]] interfering with normal bladder emptying
** [[medication]] interfering with normal bladder emptying.
** [[Neurogenic bladder]]
** [[benign prostatic hypertrophy]] or [[prostate cancer]].
*** [[Syringomyelia]]
** [[kidney stones]].
*** [[Tabes dorsalis]]
** due to abdominal malignancy (e.g. [[ovarian cancer]], [[colorectal cancer]]).
*** [[Neurosyphilis]]
** obstructed urinary catheter.
*** [[Multiple sclerosis]]
 
** [[Benign prostatic hypertrophy]] or [[prostate cancer]].
===Prerenal Causes===
* Urethal:
 
** Obstructed urinary catheter
*[[Acute pancreatitis]]
** [[Urethral stricture]]s
*[[Aortic aneurysm]]
** [[Phimosis]]
*[[Cirrhosis]]
** [[Poterior urethral valve]]
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Drug|Drugs]] such as [[diuretics]]
*[[Gastrointestinal bleeding]]
*[[Hemolysis]]
*[[Hepatorenal syndrome]]
*[[Hypovolemia]]
*[[Metrorrhagia]]
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Peritonitis]]
*[[Pre-eclampsia]]
*[[Rhabdomyolysis]]
*[[Renal artery stenosis]]
*[[Renal vein thrombosis]]
*Severe [[sodium]] and [[chloride]] loss
*[[Shock]] of various orgins
*[[Surgery]]
*[[Therapy]] with [[ACE inhibitors]]
*[[Trauma]]
*[[Water]] / [[electrolyte]] loss
 
===Renal Causes===
 
*[[Arteriosclerosis]] of the [[renal arteries]]
*Bilateral [[renal cortex|renal cortical]] [[necrosis]]
*[[Glomerulonephritis]]
*[[Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome]]
*[[Kidney]] [[transplant rejection]]
*[[Interstitial nephritis]]
*[[Malignant hypertension]]
*[[Occlusion]] of the [[renal arteries]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] [[PAN]]
*[[Pyelonephritis]]
*[[Scleroderma]]
*[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
*[[Tubulointerstitial renal failure]]
*[[Vasculitis]]
 
===Postrenal Causes===
 
*[[Bladder stone]]
*[[Bladder carcinoma]]
*[[Bladder infection]]
*Bladder [[neuropathy]]
* [[Colorectal cancer]]
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
*[[Neurosyphillis]]
* [[Ovarian cancer]]
*[[Phimosis]]
*[[Prostatic hypertrophy]]
*[[Prostatitis]]
*Ruptured [[ureter]]
*[[Spinal cord stenosis]]
*[[Syringomyelia]]
*[[Tabes dorsalis]]
*[[Trabeculated bladder]]
*[[Urethra]]l [[atresia]]
*[[Urethra]]l [[trauma]]
*[[Urethra]]l [[stricture]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 05:05, 25 December 2012

Acute renal failure Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Acute renal failure from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Acute renal failure causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute renal failure causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Acute renal failure causes

CDC on Acute renal failure causes

Acute renal failure causes in the news

Blogs on Acute renal failure causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Acute renal failure

Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute renal failure causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acute Renal
Failure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pre-renal
 
 
Renal
 
 
Post-renal

Pre-renal (compromise in the renal blood flow)

Renal (damage to the kidney itself)

Post-renal (obstructive causes in the urinary tract)

Due to:

References

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Acute_renal_failure_causes&oldid=821044"