QT prolongation: Difference between revisions
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===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
====Drugs==== | ====Drugs==== | ||
Drug induced QT prolongation is usually a result of treatment by [[Antiarrhythmic agent|anti-arrhythmic]] drugs | Drug induced QT prolongation is usually a result of treatment by [[Antiarrhythmic agent|anti-arrhythmic]] drugs or a number of other drugs that have been reported to cause this problem (e.g. [[cisapride]]). Some [[anti-psychotic]] drugs, such as [[Haloperidol]] and [[Ziprasidone]], have a prolonged QT interval as a rare side effect. Genetic mutations may make one more susceptible to drug induced QT prolongation. | ||
====Long QT Syndrome==== | ====Long QT Syndrome==== | ||
Revision as of 02:20, 2 October 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Prolonged QT; prolonged QT interval; QT interval prolongation
Overview
QT prolongation refers to a prolongation of the interval on the electrocardiogram during which time the ventricles depolarize and repolarize. QT prolongation is often caused by drugs, genetic abnormalities, and electrolyte disturbances. QT prolongation may predispose the patient to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Long QT syndrome is one of the many causes of QT prolongation, and is an inherited channelopathy associated with sudden cardiac death.
Causes
Common Causes
Drugs
Drug induced QT prolongation is usually a result of treatment by anti-arrhythmic drugs or a number of other drugs that have been reported to cause this problem (e.g. cisapride). Some anti-psychotic drugs, such as Haloperidol and Ziprasidone, have a prolonged QT interval as a rare side effect. Genetic mutations may make one more susceptible to drug induced QT prolongation.
Long QT Syndrome
Genetic abnormalities cause the Long QT Syndrome.
Electrolyte Disturbances
Electrolyte disturbances such as hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypokalaemia, and hypomagnesemia can cause QT prolongation.
Neurologic Events
Subarachnoid hemorrhage and other intracranial events can cause QT prolongation. Widely slayed cerebral T waves are often seen as well.
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia nervosa and starvation can cause QT prolongation.
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Diagnosis
Electrocardiogram
Shown below is an example of ECG demonstrating QT prolongation with a duration of 600 ms in lead II.
Treatment
In general, treatment involves reversing the underlying cause of the QT prolongation. Electrolytes should be repleted, and consideration should be given to withdrawing offending drugs.